How It Really Was/Reconstruction of genuine history/15th century

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The golden age of the empire[edit | edit source]

In the XV century the expansion of the 'Mongol' Empire and the development of new lands started by Russia-Horde in the XIV century were continued on a new level. In the Bible it is described as the beginning of the conquest of the Promised Land by the Prophet Moses' army. His troops came out of Russia-Horde, i.e. the Biblical 'Egypt'. In the Ostrog Bible, for instance, there are many 'Northern traces' (frost, snow, ice...) in the description of Moses' journey. In the later edition of the Bible the 'Northern traces' were erased more thoroughly. The exodus of the Israelites from Egypt is the beginning of the second wave of the Russian-Horde world conquest. In this instance the Bible replaced the name of Russia-Horde of the XIV-XVI cc. with the name 'Egypt'. Incidentally the word ISRAELITE can be translated as a FIGHTER FOR GOD, and JUDEAN is ONE WHO PRAISES GOD [544]. These are not the names of the people as we believe today, but positive epithets. The ISRAELITESFIGHTERS FOR GOD essentially means the same as CRUSADERS 'cross baring warriors', warriors for God.

In the XV century the troops of Russia-Horde = Israel and its allies The Ottoman Empire = Judaea cross the Atlantic ocean in large ships, appear in America and reclaim large swathes of the continent. This epic expedition is reflected in the chronicles as the discovery of the America, the famous voyage of Columbus, the great exodus of the Israelites from Spain at the end of the XV century, and in the pages of the Bible as the patriarch Noah's voyage across the 'great waters'.

The other Russian-Horde troops arrived to North America from Siberia and Far East via Alaska, crossing the Bering Strait. As a result, on the continent of America in the XIV-XVI cc. there emerges the Hordian civilizations of Maya, Aztecs and Inca. Mistakenly dated today as deep antiquity. In the epoch of the XIV-XVI cc. the famous American cities, temples and pyramids are being erected.

The rise of the Ottoman empire. The Ottomans, i.e. Cossack Atamans. (or Hetmans - military rank in Cossack regiment)[edit | edit source]

The Ottoman Empire is sometimes called the Ottoman Empire, however we stick with its old name The Ataman Empire. In the Russian documents of the XV-XVI cc. the first sultan the empire was named after - was called OTOMAN or ATAMAN. The historian of the XVII century Andrey Lyzlov, the author of the 'History of the Scythians', when talking about the Ottoman Empire in detail, uses the term ATAMAN or OTOMAN. He writes 'ATAMAN - FOREBEAR - FATHER OF THE TURKIC SULTANS' [497], p.283. Ataman is a widely known name for the Cossack chiefs. As it says in the mediaeval 'Notes of janissary', the Turkic sultan was called a 'son of hetmans' [424], p.115. Thus it is directly pointed out that the name of the forebear of the Turkic sultans Ataman (Ottoman) meant nothing else but Hetman, i.e. the Cossack Ataman. The words Hetman and Ataman just slightly differ in the pronunciation.

The union of the two states: Russia-Horde and the Ottoman Empire = Atamania. The biblical conquest of the promised land - is the Horde-Ataman conquest of the 15th century[edit | edit source]

OttomanConquestOf4thCenturyAC.jpg

Approximately a hundred years into the Russian-Horde Empire's existence, its rulers fell victim to the unprecedented consequences of their own excellent and far reaching communications routes. As a result of the fast development of the road networks spanning the vast territories, the epidemics which from time to time broke out in the south of the Empire would now easily spread over the entire Eurasia. The deadly diseases plague, cholera and others became an inevitable price for the unification under the sole rule of Europe, Asia and Africa. But the wider the area ravaged by the disease, the more rampant and rife it became. It was necessary to seek a solution.It was found by way of the introduction of administrative borders between the North and South regions of the Empire. As a result, besides Veliky Novgorod in Russia-Horde there emerges a second centre Czar-Grad on the Bosphorus. The ancient city has again become a capital, this time of the southern regions of the Empire. So the authorities made an emergency resolution about the compulsory decontamination of those provinces where infection was raging. Many territories of Western and Southern Europe turn out to be as such. These were the regions where the Horde army = Cossacks headed for with the merciless order to annihilate the infected population. And then to repopulate the lands. This is the famous Ataman (Ottoman) conquest of the XV century, see image. See [6v1], ch.4-5.

Thus in the XV century Russia-Horde = Israel was compelled 'for the second time' to send their army to the South and to the West. They were conquering the territories which had already been conquered before. Where, since the beginning of the XIV century, the Horde's rulers-governors already had their armed forces. They of course didn't want to be annihilated. However, the cleansing was carried out rather meticulously. The new governors were placed in the territories of Europe and Asia conquered for the second time. In Russian history the mark of these events remained as an extensive distribution of the 'Novorod's territories' to the boyars, boyars' children, noblemen and the best serfs. [6v1], ch.5:10.

Alliance1453.jpg

So, in the place of Ancient Romea in the year 1453 emerged the Empire allied to Russia-Horde The Ottoman Empire=Atamania = Judaea, see image. These events were described in the Biblical Books: Exodus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, The Book of Joshua. The Israelites' march under the leadership of Moses and Joshua Ben Nun is Russia-Horde's and The Ottoman Empire=Atamania's invasion of Europe and Eurasia in general. The cleansing of many territories is described as the annihilation of the local population by the Israelite army during the conquest of the Promised Land. The Israelites (the fighters for God) of the epoch of the Old Testament are the huge armies of Russia-Horde and The Ottoman Empire-Atamania. The Judaeans (the ones who praise God) are the priests and the chroniclers amongst the troops, a social strata of people, who, so to say, looked after the ideological sphere. Czar-Grad, the city where Andronicus-Christ was crucified, became the centre of Judaea.'Ancient Hellas' is also the reflection of the Great Empire. The name of Hellas itself is a version of the word HORDE, as letters L and R often interchanged: Horde or Olda ---> Hellas.


Western Europe under the rule of Russia-Horde and the Ottoman Empire = Atamania[edit | edit source]

In the XV century Western Europe continues to be a part of the Empire. Europe is divided between Veliky Novgorod and Constantinople. The Imperial taxes are being collected all over Europe, Africa and Eurasia. Recent historians called it 'sultan's tax'. In every province there was a Hordian governor-king or governor-duke. They all were the subjects of the metropoly of the 'Mongol' Empire, possibly to varying degrees. I.e. subjects of the Emperor. Thus the Western European would call the great czar-khan of Russia-Horde, seated in the distant Veliky Novgorod. There was one Empire, and there was one Emperor. We will repeat, that the name Novgorod was perceived by the Europeans as HAB-S-BURG. I.e. the Habsburgs before Karl V were the Hordian czars of Veliky Novgorod as viewed by the Europeans. They were paid taxes to by the conquered countries. And the Novgorodians split them with the Ataman (Ottoman) sultan. I.e. the taxes collected from the Western Europe, Northern Africa, Asia and America were distributed between the two capitals. It is possible that from the Southern Europe and Northern Africa taxes went mainly to Constantinople.

The beginning of the religious schism[edit | edit source]

In the XV-XVI cc. there was a visible religious schism in the formerly unified Christianity which split into several large branches: Orthodox Christianity, Islam, Catholicism, Buddhism and Judaism. But these names they would acquire later, only in the XVII-XVIII cc.

All the main religions known today originated from the same root from the Royal (and later from the Apostolic) Christianity of the XII-XIII cc. This explains the conclusions made by the school of scientists of the XIX century, working in the field of the Comparative Religion. Having processed a vast amount of material they discovered a lot in common between the aforementioned religions. But being constrained by the incorrect chronology, they decided, that the Christianity had absorbed in itself allegedly earlier cults. This is incorrect. On the contrary, the unified Christianity of the XII-XV cc. branched out into several religions. Each of them inherited a considerable part of the former cult, having modified it. The previously universal symbolism was also divided. A broad cross began to be used by the Orthodox Church; a narrow cross by the Catholic Church; a six-pointed star also another form of the cross by Judaism; a crescent with a star also another form of the cross by Islam. So in the XV-XVI cc. the following branches-religions began to differentiate.

1) THE ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY, probably the closest to the original religion of the XII-XIV cc., spiritually chaste and austere. Ancient Russia becomes the centre of the Orthodox Christianity. The Orthodox Christianity prevails in the Balkans and in the East. In the past it was called Capholic or Catholic. Thus the term 'Catholic' changed its meaning in the XVI-XVII cc. From the term meaning one whole Christianity it has narrowed to meaning only the Western-European Catholicism, separated only in the XVI-XVII cc.

2) ISLAM OR THE MUSLIM FAITH in the East, originally very close to Christianity. Also a very strict and ascetic religion.

3) CATHOLICISM predominantly in the West. It moved away from the original reserved religion. In the XV-XVI cc. Catholicism existed in the form of the 'ancient' Greek and Roman pantheon of the gods with bacchanalian and orgiastic elements. As a consequence of such practices spreading, diseases occurred in some of the countries of Western Europe, which were called venereal diseases after Venus the goddess of love [544], v.5, [2v1], ch.1:3.

To eliminate such undesirable social consequences a reform of the Western-European religion was required. In some countries the vicarious rulers of the Great Empire introduced the Inquisition [5v1], ch.12:9.4. After the church reforms and successful machinations of the inquisition, the Catholic branch of Christianity acquired the modern form familiar to us today, also very reserved. [5v1], ch.12:10.

4) Another variant of Christianity is Buddhism in the East. India, China, etc.

5) JUDASIM both in the West and in the East (the Karaims). Originally it was a form of the Royal Christianity. Over time Judaism underwent a profound evolution.

17thCenturyReligiousSplit.jpg

6) The rest religions that were not so widespread. They 'split off' from the ones mentioned above only in the XVII century, see image.

The Gospels were written at the end of the XII the beginning of the XIII cc. However in the XIV-XV cc. they were substantially edited. The rest of the Books of the Bible, of both the New and the Old Testaments, were written not earlier than the early XIII century. The editions of the Gospels and the Books of Psalms that exist today date back to the XIV century. The rest of the books of the Old Testament were edited in some instances up to and including the XVII century [6v].

The emperors of the Great Empire = the Russian Czar-Khans of the 15th century[edit | edit source]

VASILY I[edit | edit source]

Vasily I Dmitriyevich 1389-1425 according to [362], [36], [145]. In the Western chronicles he is reflected as 'Wenceslaus' Habsburg 1378-1400 according to [76]. The name WENCESLAUS could have meant CROWNING GLORY (VENETS SLAVY in Russian) or GLORIOUS CROWN (WREATH), or it could have originated from the Slavs the WENDS, i.e. WENS THE GLORIOUS (WENDY SLAVNYIE in Russian). Hence it is probably the name of the city VENICE.

Under Vassily I the Great Schism erupts in the Universal Church, accompanied by the internecine wars. During the Church Schism in 1415 the Khan supported the Christianity in Russia. From this point onward under Vassily I and under his son Vassily II Vasiliyevich Tyomniy (the Dark or Blind) Christianity becomes more consolidated in Russia. The Famous chronicle Baptism of Russia by Vladimir the Holy (Vladimir the Great) is dated to this epoch. Vassily I is canonized under the name of the Holy Grand Prince Vladimir, baptized Vassily (on the 15 July according to the Julian Calendar).

He is also known in history under the names of: a) Vladimir the Holy (Vladimir Svyatoslavovich) erroneously dated to the X century; b) Vytautas the Grand Duke of Lithuania.

There is a dynastic duplication in Russian history, the shift of approximately 410 years in dates. The early history of Russia is a phantom reflection of its actual history from 1350 to 1600.

YURI DMITRIEVICH[edit | edit source]

He ruled in 1425-1434 according to [362], or 1425-1435 according to [36]. In the Western chronicles he is reflected under the name of 'Robert' Habsburg Palatine or 'Ruprecht of Palatine' 1400-1410 according to [76]. The name 'PALATINE' possibly originates from the Slavic word PALATY meaning Royal Chambers, a palace.

Yuri Dmitrievich, co-ruler and the rival of Vassily II Vassilievich the Dark in the battle for the throne of the Empire. He is known in history also under the names of: a) Svyatopolk, the murderer of Boris and Gleb, erroneously dated to the XI century; b) Sigismund of Lithuania.

Yuri Dmitrievich is constantly fighting his successor Vassily II. This leads to the revolt connected to the succession to the throne act [361], v.5, ch.3, columns 150-154. The confrontation results in Yuri's sudden death, whilst being the Grand Prince and occupying the throne at the time [362], v.5, column 154.&& VASSILY THE CROSS-EYED.Ruled in 1434, notably only for one month [362], v.5, column 154; [832], part 3, v.5, p.240. The Western European chroniclers called him the following: Jobst or Jodocus Habsburg or Jodokus, Margrave of Moravia (or Jobst von Mähren) and dated his rule to the year 1410 [940], list 340, reverse side. After his enthronement he was almost immediately dethroned. Deposition was peaceful, without any war.

VASSILY II[edit | edit source]

Vassily II Vasilievich Tyomny 'The Dark' (or Blind) 1425-1462 (?) according to [36], [362]. According to [145] and [362] ruled from 1450 until 1462. In the Western chronicles reflected as 'Sigismund Habsburg' 1410-1438 according to [76].

The rule of Vassily II is the time of revolts and civil discord. Antagonisms between the various branches of the formerly united church increase, which leads to the internecine religious wars. The attempts to unite the churches at the Council of Florence in Italy in 1438 fail. The Russian Church and the Grand Prince Vassily Vassilievich do not recognize the union. The relations between Veliky Novgorod (Russia) and Constantinople break down. A dreadful plague epidemic breaks out and rages for a long time in the Empire. Its origin the Southern regions of the Empire. Along the created caravan tracks the disease spreads over vast territories of Eurasia, engulfing the entire Empire.

In Russia they are preparing for the second conquest of Czar-Grad and the South Europe, which starts to break away from the metropoly of the Empire in the religious sense, and besides, became the epicenter of the epidemics. The Ataman (Ottoman) conquest begins. It is successful. In 1453 Constantinople is taken by storm and renamed Istanbul or, to be precise, Stan-Bul, i.e. Stan (CAMP or camping-ground in Russian- Translator's note) of Bulgars or Stan of Babylon.

Vassily II is known in history under the name of Yaroslav the Wise (Mudry), erroneously dated to the XI century. In the Bible the epoch of The Ottoman Conquest is described as the continuation of the conquest of the Promised Land, but now under the leadership of Joshua Ben Nun.

DMITRY SHEMYAKA[edit | edit source]

Dmitry Shemyaka 1446-1450 according to [362], [36]. According to [145] ruled in 1445-1450. In the Western chronicles he is reflected as 'Albert of Austria' 1438-1440 according to [76]. He was as the rival of Vassily II in their battle for the throne of the Empire. Temporarily prevailed and occupied the throne in 1446-150.

On the subject of the title AUSTRIAN see [5v2], ch.9. This is what THE EASTERN KINGDOM was called, i.e. OST+RICKS or OST+REICH = the Eastern state. The name ALBERT may have originated from ALBA = WHITE. In this case Albert of Austria is simply the White Eastern Kingdom.

IVAN III[edit | edit source]

Ivan III (another name Timofey) Vasilyevich the Great 'Grozny' (the Terrible) 1462-1505 according to [362]. Karamzin notes that Ivan III was called the Terrible [362], v.6, column 215. Ivan III is a phantom reflection of Ivan IV 'The Terrible' of the XVI century with a hundred years chronological shift [6v], ch.5. In the Western Chronicles he was called Habsburg (i.e. Novgorodian) 'Frederick III' 1440-1493 according to [76]. In the Bible Ivan 'the Terrible' reflected as king Nebuchadnezzar.

He came to power as a result of an inter-dynastic battle. In the battle, the Great 'Stand' on Ugra river, he defeated the preceding Grand Prince = khan and occupied the throne of Veliky Novgorod. At that point the metropoly of the Empire is divided into two parts the Southern Ottomania=Atamania = Judaea, and the Northern Russia-Horde = Israel. The recently conquered Czar-Grad was turned into the second capital of the Empire. The Southern regions of Europe, Africa and Middle East were brought under its subjection. The Northern and Central Europe, Siberia and Asia remained in direct subordination to Veliky Novgorod = Yaroslavl, the throne of which is occupied by Ivan III Vasilyevich.

Ivan III is also known in history under the names of: a) Vsevolod Yaroslavich, erroneously dated to the XI century; b) Casimir of Lithuania.

Ivan III, aka Fredrick III, aka Tamerlane, aka (partial) Mehmed II the Conqueror, who conquered Constantinople, was the Hordian czar-khan [6v]. He conquered many lands in Southern and Western Europe during the Ottoman conquest. The intense antipathy of the Western chroniclers towards Mehmed II is very well known. At a later stage, while creating a 'new history of Europe according to Scaliger', they have multiplied on paper one czar-king into 'several rulers'.

The "Mongol" Empire and the famoud Christian Kingdom of Prester John[edit | edit source]

The legendary Kingdom of Prester John is considered to be one of the exciting puzzles in Scaligerian history. The core of the matter is as follows. Mediaeval Western Europe was for some reason strongly convinced in the existence in the East of a vast Kingdom of a certain Christian ruler 'Prester John', THE DESCENDANTS OF WHOM WERE ALLEGEDLY THE GREAT KHANS OF THE 'MONGOL' EMPIRE. The legends of the mysterious Kingdom were spread allegedly since the XII century and particularly blossomed in Europe of the XIII-XV cc. [5v1], ch.8.

The modern historians consider this information to be a fabulous myth of the deluded Europeans. Purporting that there was never such a Kingdom of Prester John. However, this Kingdom is a historical reality: none other but the Russian-Horde Empire. Prester John, i.e. IVAN is IVAN Danilovich Kalita, aka Khan Batuy.

The 'Tatar and Mongol invasion' began with the unification of Russia under the power of the Novgorodian = Yaroslav dynasty of Georgiy (Russian George) the Victorious (Pobedonosets) Genghis Khan followed by his brother Yaroslav = Khan Batuy = Ivan Kalita-Khalif [4v]. As a result of the chronological shift Ivan Kalita moved down a couple of centuries and turned into allegedly mysterious Prester John. That is why, mixing up the brothers-Hordians, the English chronicles called Genghis Khan PRESTER JOHN [517], p.185; [4v2], ch.6:16.

Why were the historians perplexed by this 'myth'? The reason is that the Mediaeval Europeans as it happens considered the Kingdom of Prester John to be CHRISTIAN. But today it is generally thought that the 'mongols' were Muslim. That is why it is claimed: the 'Mongol' KHANS COULD NOT HAVE BEEN the descendants of the Christians. In fact, Ivan Danilovicj Kalita-Khalif, of course, was a Christian. As the whole of Russia was Christian in his time.

The Mediaeval legends about the Kingdom of Prester John emphasize its fantastical wealth and undisputed political superiority over the Western rulers [5v1], ch.8.

The great transmigration of peoples. India[edit | edit source]

In the Scandinavian chronicles' narration, for example, about colonization and conquest of Europe by the descendants of the 'Mongols', Goths, Turks and Tatars, is reflected the colonization of then sparsely populated Europe during the great invasion of the XIV century [5v]. It was also called the SCYTHIAN invasion. The Scandinavian geographic tractates and the Bible talk about it as populating of the world by the descendants of JAPHETH.

This colonization was not completely forgotten by Western Europeans of the XVII-XVIII cc. In the process of the artificial shift downwards approximately by a thousand years due to an error in the date of Nativity of Jesus Christ, it moved to the 'early Middle Ages'. And is reflected there in the form of the Gothic Hunnic Slavic conquest of Europe allegedly of the V-VI cc. well-known in the Scaligerian history. Later it was declared 'savage, barbaric invasion'. Altogether evil.

The colonization of the undeveloped territories of Eurasia, allegedly of the V-VI cc. was called the 'GREAT migration of peoples'. When reading the word 'great' in Greek we find 'megalion', i.e. the MONGOL migration. It is all correct. What is meant here is the invasion of Eurasia in the XIV century.

As the Mediaeval sources say [5v2], ch.9, in INDIA, i.e. in the DISTANT country lived Gog and Magog. We have already talked about where they lived in reality, The Goths and the Mongols, i.e. Cossacks, and the Russians and the Tatars in general lived in the metropoly of the Great Empire. So, once again it turns out that Mediaeval INDIA is Russia-Horde of the XIV-XVI cc.

Generally INDIA is an old Russian word. It originated from a now forgotten dialect INDE, meaning 'in another place', 'from the other side', 'in some places, 'somewhere' [786], p.235. That is why INDIA is simply a FAR OFF COUNTRY, OVERSEAS. Then a Russian word INDE transgressed into Latin which was created in the XV-XVI cc. without even changing its form. In the Latin dictionary you will find: INDE therefrom, from that place'.

So, the Western Europeans in their late 'learned language' Latin would call THE FAR OFF COUNTRIES - INDIA. That is why when the chronicler writes 'about India' you ought not think that he necessarily means modern India. In the XVII century the name 'India' was taken from Russia-Horde and kept only a small part of it previously belonging to the former Great Empire.

The Bacchanalian cult in the medieval Western Europe[edit | edit source]

'Classical Antiquity', the Dionysian bacchanalian cult was widespread in Western Europe not in 'deep antiquity', but in the XIII-XVI cc. It was one of the forms of the Royal Christianity. Ceremonial prostitution was an integral part of Western Christian liturgy. Another example is the cult of love in some Indian temples on the Hindustan peninsula.

The necessity to restrain the orgiastic cult inspired the establishment of the Imperial Inquisition and the enactment of rigorous reforms both in the church and social life of Europe in the XV-XVI cc. In the Eastern Orthodox Church and, in particular, in Russia, bacchanalian practices have never proliferated. That is why there was no Inquisition in the Orthodox Church. It was due to the pressure of the negative implications of the bacchanalian religious ceremonies that the Western Church was compelled to ban the Dionysian orgies and to change over to a more moderate form of the cult [1v], [2v1], ch.1.

The famous descriptions of the 'diabolical Sabbaths' in Western Europe tell us about the same Christian 'agape'-Bacchanalias, but already declared by the reformers of the Western Church to be the 'work of the devil'. One of the main characteristics of the agape-Sabbaths, as the Scaligerian history tells us, were the orgiastic Bacchanalia. Naturally, the new Western 'Renovated Church' put the onus for the agape-Bacchanalia on the 'devil' in order to smother any recollections among the congregation of their quite recent bacchic-Christian past. It was ruthlessly cut off and accredited to a 'different religion'. And under a term 'classical antiquity' banished it to the deep past.

A XIX century scientist Champfleury wrote: 'Time after time when I explored the old cathedrals in an attempt to uncover the mysterious truth behind their beguiling indecent ornamentation, all of my explanations seemed to me to be a commentary on a book written in some language which was entirely foreign to me... What is one to think, for example, of a strange sculpture placed in a shadow of a column of a subterranean hall in a Mediaeval Cathedral in Bourges?' Quoted according to [544], v.5, p.661. The human buttocks in an indecent pose and analogous imagery are being depicted [2v1], ch.1.

All such imagery and sculptures are not the mockery of the church, but have the same purely invitational meaning as an image of the jugs of beer spewing froth above the doors of the German beerhouses. Of course, all of this meant something only prior to the unfolding repressions of the new evangelical church and Imperial Inquisition of the XV-XVI cc. against the Western Christian Bacchanalian cult.

In a close connection with the Christian pornographic imagery are also the analogous 'ancient' monuments, for example, in 'ancient' Pompeii. However, falsely perceived 'coyness' prevents the scientific community from studying these most interesting materials.

V.Klassovsky tells us about the excavations in Pompeii: 'Those of the paintings which represent some acutely erotic and indecorous scenes so loved by the ancients, are kept locked... in the house of the loose women... SOMEONE DURING THE NIGHT SCRAPED OFF THE INDECOROUS FRESCOES WITH A KNIFE ... Lately all the Pompeii paintings and sculptures which are not compatible with the modern notions of decency, are being kept in the SECRET DEPARTMENT of the Bourbon museum, where only those, who present a special permit from the top authorities, are allowed access. To obtain such a permit in a lawful manner is not easy'[389], p.75-76.

In Pompeii some houses were discovered where above the entrances stone phalluses were attached. The connection between a phallus and the Christian cult can be seen not only in the Western-European temples. 'In Hierapolis there were carved out of granite phalluses of an enormous size, 180 feet high and higher; they were placed in the threshold of a temple [389], p.122. V. Klassovsky naively thought that these enormous phalluses served as a 'moral instruction' to 'those who were praying' (?) [389], p.122. But most likely it was a conventional symbol, like a signboard. Like the analogous stone phallic depictions of Indian Shiva Lingam murti [2v1].

Let us go back to the eruption of Vesuvius which destroyed Pompeii, Stabiae and Herculaneum. Their destruction in the XVI or even in the XVII century (year 1631) reflected in the Old Testament as the downfall of Sodom and Gomorrah. In the Bible this is described as the punishment of the inhabitants of those cities for their lecherous sexual behavior. So what do we see in the excavated Pompeii? Take a walk down the streets of Pompeii. You will see brothels, many indecent frescos with graphic scenes of sexual nature. In this part of the city in the XV-XVI cc. there were organized mass orgies. The authors of the Old Testament, more chaste Christians, were outraged by this debauchery, which reflected in their account of the ruin of Sodom (Stabiae) and Gomorrah (Herculaneum).

Today it is considered that practically all the Mediaeval Roman Christian churches are built allegedly 'on top of the ruins of the pagan temples' [2v], ch.1. Where these 'preceding ancient monuments' were for some reason approximately of the same purpose and even having the same name as the Christian temples [196]. For example, St. Dionysius Church was built allegedly in place of the 'ancient pagan temple of Dionysus, etc. The picture is clear. Having declared its recent bacchanalian past 'unsound', - under the pressure of some or other external factors, - the Eastern Christian Church having transgressed to the reformist phase of the XV-XVI cc. simply RENAMED its pagan-bacchanal temples and announced the former Christian-Bacchanal gods to be the new Evangelical Saints. Sometimes even preserving their names. And the congregation got used to them.

The inquisition in the pages of the Bible[edit | edit source]

The Old Testament speaks a lot about the abominations and vile customs of the local inhabitants of the land of Canaan, whom the Israelites = fighters for God annihilated. It is interesting to see what exactly those 'abominations' were. Their description corresponds surprisingly wellwith a list of crimes which were subjected to persecution by the Inquisition. The 'new inquisition' was introduced at the end of the XV century in some isolated countries in the West, and by 1542 it embraced all of Western Europe [5v1], ch.12. All of the Bible's testimonies about the Inquisition wonderfully correspond with our reconstruction, since the end of the XV the beginning of the XVI cc. is precisely the epoch of the greatest sweep of the second Ottoman conquest of Europe. The previous wave of the Inquisition, usually dated the XIII century, is most likely just a phantom reflection of the XV-XVI cc. Inquisition [5v1], ch.12:10.

So, the specifications of the XV-XVI cc. Inquisition are sufficiently reflected in the Pentateuch, which narrates mainly about the events of this exact epoch.

The astonishing surgical instruments in Pompeii[edit | edit source]

Fig. 48
Fig. 49

Images show the incredible 'ancient' surgical instruments of allegedly I century, discovered during the excavation in Pompeii. The quality and the high technological level are astounding. In fig.48, on the top dental extracting forceps and foreign body probe. Below - speculum ani, speculum uteris used by the gynecologists. Take notice of the METALIC SHAFT WITH THE MOST PRECISE THREAD! See fig.49. We can see screws inserted in the apertures, and rivets. But for that one needed to know how to drill metal. It means that the metal drills were already popular. So in front of us we see the manufactured articles of not earlier than the XVI century [NOR], ch.6.

The historians write, that when these most 'ancient' objects were found, 'it was the XVIII century, and this set of tools, VERY SIMILAR TO THOSE USED UNTIL NOW (FOR EXAMPLE, THE GYNICOLOGICAL SPECULUM) CREATED A GREAT IMPRESSION, it showed the high development level of the ancient surgery' [674:1], p.218. And further: 'This speculum uteris, used by the gynecologists, shows the highest level of the development of medicine already reached at that time' [674:1], p.149.

The 'antique' statues with the rippling muscles were created not earlier than the 16th century[edit | edit source]

Let us turn our attention towards the excellent knowledge of the position of human muscles by many 'ancient' sculptors. But such knowledge the sculptors and painters acquired only when the medics began to dig out dead bodies, dissect them and study the anatomy. Even according to the Scaligerian history this didn't start earlier than the XV-XVI cc. From the history of the anatomy it is known that the first realistic and detailed description of human body appeared only in 1534. It was a book by the surgeon Andreas Vesalius [NOR], ch.6. The earlier authors had a good knowledge of human skeletal frame. But their knowledge of muscle position was poor. That is why in the really old images of the XII-XV cc. the people's bodies were depicted with smooth skin without representation of the muscles.

The grave-robbers were always subjected to persecution by both the authorities and ordinary people, who tried to protect the graves of their relatives. The church strongly opposed the grave-robbing. The first grave-robbers often died as they didn't yet know about the ptomaine (post-mortem poison). The grave-robbing on a large scale became possible only in the epoch of the Revolt in the late XVI early XVII cc (they were looking for treasure). And only later, having studied the anatomy and having understood their disposition under the skin, the painters and the sculptors began to depict the human body in a realistic way. But it probably occurred not earlier than in the end of the XVI century.

Now let us turn to the excavations in Pompeii. It turns out that there were discovered some sculptures and wall frescos with wonderful depictions of the human body muscles, fig.50. Such lavish statues, drawings, frescos and paintings could not have appeared earlier than the XVI century. And most likely, they occurred in the XVII century, during the 'grave-robbing epoch'. Consequently, 'ancient' Pompeii was submerged by the volcanic eruption as late as in the XVI or even XVII cc. [NOR], ch.6.

At the same time on some of the frescos in Pompeii human bodies were depicted without representation of the muscles. Such images could have appeared earlier in the epoch of the XVI-XVII cc., when the anatomical knowledge has not yet been developed. However, the 'smooth bodied' images may date to the XVI-XVII cc., as far from all the Pompeii sculptors had mastered the art of muscular representation which was new for the XVI-XVII cc. Progressive artists began to paint in a new way, but a number of painters still adhered to the old methods, disregarding anatomy.

Moses begins the Ottoman conquest in the 15th century. "Passage over the sea" is the passage of the river Ice[edit | edit source]

As it has already been said, in the XIV-XV cc. due to the expansion of the Empire it was necessary to create extended roads covering a significant part of Eurasia. Infectious diseases began to spread along the roads on a bigger scale than before. If earlier, in the pre-imperial epoch, the epidemics having broken out in one place would die away there, then now the disease could speedily spread over the vast territories. As a result there mass epidemics were breaking out in the Empire.

In face of an absence of medical advances at that time, the Horde authorities were unable to find a medical solution to combat the epidemics. Immunizations and vaccinations in use today were yet to be discovered. In order to stop the catastrophic spreading of the diseases, the 'Mongol' khans sent the army to the South and to the West with an absolute order to exterminate, without exception, the population of the infected regions, to conduct 'cleansing' among the descendants of the first wave of the conquerors, i.e. in essence, their own brothers. In the Bible this major military operation of the XV century was described as the conquest of the 'Promised Land' by Moses, and later by Joshua Ben Nun. Aka Suleiman the Magnificent, a sultan of the XVI century, aka 'ancient' Alexander the Great. It was the 'second wave' of the great conquest of the world. See the Books of the Old Testament Exodus, Joshua, Leviticus.

The Biblical Egypt of the Exodus epoch is Russia-Horde of the XV century. The Biblical 'plague of Egypt' is the reflection of the infamous period of the epidemics and natural disasters in Russia of the first half of the XV century. The Bible effectively contains the dating of the Exodus of Moses - circa the year 1430 [6v1], ch.4. Immediately before the Exodus, the plague of Egypt descends onto the Biblical Egypt = Russia-Horde. The Russian descriptions correspond incredibly well with the analogous stories from the Old Testament.

A new reading of the Bible clarifies a lot of things. Here, for example, is the famous scene of Moses crossing over with the Israelites the 'waters of the Black Sea which moved apart', where the pharaoh's army which was following them sank when the waves surged. The referral to the famous Ostrog Bible, for example, allows us to reconstruct the truth [6v1], ch.4.

The Ostrog Bible unequivocally describes the crossing over the ICE-GLAZED RIVER! It is said very clearly that the WAVES THICKENED, that LIQUID FROZE, TURNED INTO A WALL, that the fighters for God (the Israelites) WALKED ACROSS THE SEA AS IF ON DRY GROUND, IN THE MIDST OF THE SEA ON DRY GROUND. Notably walked ACROSS THE SEA, and not ON THE SEA-FLOOR. The later editors, either not understanding or purposefully eliminating the descriptions of the icy waters, taught us a fantastical idea that purportedly the waters parted and the fighters for God passed between them like between two walls. Today you can see it in films. We have a choice. We can either consider this picture a fairy tale, or to see a true event in it the crossing of the army across the frozen river. The ice is 'the waters being a wall to them' because of cold. Then the element of a miracle reflected in the Bible can be easily explained. The army crossed the river over the already thin spring ice probably at night, when the ice became slightly thicker. In the morning there could have been an ice drift, turning into an obstruction in the way of the pursuers. They could have stepped out onto the thinning ice and fallen through into the water: 'FELL FULL FATHOMS UNDER' and perished. Such luck the fugitives perceived as a miraculous deliverance. Ice drifting begins abruptly, sometimes unexpectedly. At such a moment, without modern bridges equipped with ice breakers, any contact between the two river banks would be completely lost. It is impossible to cross a major river by boats during an ice drift. If it was, a large river like Volga, for example.

It emerged, that the synodic 'translators' of the Bible edited the ancient text, thoroughly eradicating all the 'traces of the North', snow, ice and frost [6v1], ch.4.

So, Moses 'crossing the sea as on dry ground' is the crossing over of a large river frozen over with ice.

This event produced such a deep impression on the contemporaries, that it was described once more in the Old Testament's Book of Joshua. This time it was presented as the Israelites' army miraculously crossing the river Jordan 'as on dry land'. The narration in this instance is much more detailed as its duplicate in the Book of Exodus, i.e. the story of Moses [PRRK], ch.2.

It emerged that the 'ancient' conquest by Alexander the Great is the reflection of the Ottoman Conquest of the XV century. There appeared a partial overlapping of Alexander over Biblical Joshua Ben Nun. And, as a matter of fact, Joshua Ben Nun is a direct successor of Moses in the conquest of the Promised Land. This is the same epoch. That is why such a dramatic event as the warriors crossing water over the thin ice, was reflected not only in the Book of Exodus, but also in Alexander's 'ancient' biography. Both texts basically narrate the same thing [6v1], ch.4.

In the Bible and in 'Alexandria' (life story of Alexander the Great) the army crossing over ice is intertwined with some battle, either close to a river, or directly on the river ice. The reason, why a number of the pursuers drowned when the ice cracked. There is some indirect evidence that the events took place exactly on the Volga river = Ra (the old name for the Volga river Translator's note).

So in the Scaligerian history there are at least two famous episodes, when the victory in some battle was won not without the help of the BREAKING ICE. But that's not all. Anyone familiar with the Russian history will immediately remember another story the famous BATTLE ON THE ICE (or THE BATTLE OF THE LAKE PEIPUS), allegedly in 1241, when the Russian Prince ALEXANDER NEVSKY defeated the Livonians (Germans) on the ice of the Chudskoye ozero (the lake Peipus). The Russian sources give various locations of where the battle took place. Some of them point out Chudskoye ozero, i.e. Pskov region. The other - lake Ladoga (Ladozhskoye ozero) [145], p.165. These two lakes are situated far from each other approximately 200 kilometers. Thus even the location of the battle raises some questions. During the battle many Livonians drowned in the lake. Possibly as a result of the cracked ice.

Most likely all three of the mentioned above battles are the reflections of the real event in Russia of the XV century.

The narration of the 'ancient' Titus Livy about death of the king Alexander II of Epirus also reflected the famous Battle on the Ice, however in a rather distorted way.

Fig. 51.

Altogether in the 'History' by T.Livy there emerged three phantom reflections of Battle on the Ice i.e. Alexander Nevsky's Battle = Moses = Alexander the Great which took place in Russia-Horde, fig.51. More specifically: 1) The Battle of Histria of allegedly 178-174 BC 2) The destruction of the Basternei army on a river due to the cracked ice, allegedly in 175 BC. 3) Death of the king Alexander II of Epirus on a river, allegedly in 326 BC.

Fig. 52.

We have collected in Fig.52 the main parallels discovered by us between the 'History' by Livy and the history of Russia-Horde of the XIII-XVI cc. There were many of such matches. Respectively, Titus Livy was a chronicler of the 'Mongol' Empire = Russia-Horde of the XIII-XVI cc. [TsRIM], ch.8.

The Ottoman conquest and Austere Aniconism[edit | edit source]

(Austere Aniconism = In religion, opposition to the use of icons or visual images to depict living creatures or religious figures Translator's note)

In the XV century between the Empire's two capitals, between the Horde-Ottoman (or Ataman) authorities of Russia-Horde and the heirs of Constantine the Great = Dmitry Donskoy in Czar-Grad there occurred some tension. The Russia-Hordian khans gazed with discontent upon their Southern co-rulers, blaming them for the woes descending upon the Empire. The Hordians and the Ottomans (Atamans) were not very fond of the 'ancient classic' culture, considering their 'ancient classical' brothers to be wrapped in cotton wool, hedonistically wallowing in pleasure. Russia regarded the descendants of Constantine = Dmitry to be the outcasts. Divisions in faith appeared. The relations between the Old Rome = Russia and the New Rome = Czar-Grad tensed. But the main thing was of course metropoly's fear of the epidemics approaching from the South and the West.

In the middle of the XV century the army of Russia-Horde = Israel moved on Constantinople and conquered it in 1453. In the modern textbooks this is the famous military assault of Czar-Grad by the Atamans (Ottomans) lead by Mehmed (or Mahomet) the Conqueror. Having captured the capital, the Ottomanian 'wave' descended upon the Southern and Western provinces of the Empire.

The revolt, which broke out in the Western epicenters of epidemics, was mercilessly crushed. But a dear price had to be paid for it. A great amount of people were exterminated. Including the healthy ones, as in the course of the war the Horde-warriors (Israelites) could hardly succeed in separating the sick from the healthy. The tragic feelings of the people who suffered this disaster, is reflected in the Biblical book Apocalypse, the first version of which was created in 1486, but later was supplemented and reworked up until the XVI century, see below.

The Ottoman Conquest the 'second wave' carried an entirely different ideology from the 'first wave'. If the 'Mongols'= the magnificent ones of the XIII-XIV cc. created the 'antique classicism', then the 'Mongols'-Ottomans (Atamans) of the second wave of the XV century were destroying it. They considered that it was the liberal behavior of the Europeans of the XIII-XIV cc. which lead to the mass infectious diseases. Including venereal ones, as the bacchanalian festivities emerged and flourished during the 'antique classicism'. The Ataman (Ottoman) spirit of Cossacks once again, for the second time, emerging from Russia-Horde was more ascetic and austere. Eventually the ideology of the modern Islam grew out of it. Extremely severe and chaste.

In the XV-XVI cc. the aniconism ran across the entire Empire. In Russia the aniconism didn't take hold, but in The Ottoman Empire on the contrary it was highly developed up to its modern manifestation. In the Western Europe in many Catholic cathedrals you can see the traces of the aniconism to the present day: there are practically no icons there. Though there are no formal restrictions to depict people or animals in the Catholic Church today.

Bible mentions polygamy several times. Biblical patriarchs had several wives at a time. Old Testament Solomon, for example, is described as having an entire HAREM in. This fact also brings together Biblical customs of Pentateuch with the Muslim ones. The Muslims were allowed polygamy, and wealthy people kept the harems. All the sultans had the harems. The concept of polygamy has probably originated in the epoch of the 'Mongol' conquest. Many men were marching off and the amount of men in the metropoly was decreasing. One of the ways of ensuring reproduction of the population was as follows to allow a man to have several wives. Thus facilitating the birth of more children.

Iron chariots, hornets and the brazen serpent in the Bible are cannons[edit | edit source]

When describing the wars of the fighters for God = the Israelites, the Bible pays particular attention to the presence and quantity of the IRON CHARIOTS in the army. Therein worked an interesting and simple rule: those, who had more iron chariots would win the battle. The question is, if the iron chariots were some ordinary iron wagons or carts, why then would they lend such remarkable strength to the army? As we show in [6v1], ch.4, Biblical 'iron chariots' are the firearms, the cannons.

Furthermore, the Bible describes some 'hornets', i.e. something FLYING IN FRONT OF THE ARMY AND STINGING, participating in the battle and defeating the enemy. Notably, better than a sword or a bow. It seems like this is the description of the buck shot which was used to fire from the cannons. The analysis of the ancient Bibles shows, that the Old Testament describes the muskets or the musketoons which the fighters for God = the Israelites = the Cossacks were equipped with. 'Serpents' and 'stinging asps' (including the 'brazen serpent' made by Moses) which are often mentioned in the Bible, are also the firearms, muskets and cannons [6v1], ch.4.

The 'brazen serpent' of Moses is most likely a large cannon made by the Atamans (Ottomans) to repel the enemy, who also had the cannons=serpents at their disposal. As referred to in [533], v.2, p.131, the Biblical expression 'venomous snakes' meant literally 'fiery'. The later depictions of a 'Serpent of brass' made by Moses in the form of a high pole, with a snake wrapped around it, are the distorted interpretation of a gun barrel, on which sometimes the images of snakes and some other dangerous beasts were cast. In [KAZ], ch.1 we cite some images of the Russian cannons of the XVI-XVII cc. from the Nesvizh Castle. In one of them there is depicted a serpent-dragon. Hence this gave rise to images of 'venomous snakes', 'fiery aspens' and 'brazen serpent' so colorfully described in the Bible.

So, the Bible often mentions cannons and firearms in general. But the editors of the XVII-XVIII cc. blurred these references, and in today's version of the Holy Scriptures the 'firearm topic' is significantly obscured. However, some thing or the other happily slipped the editors' attention.

Fig. 53
Fig. 54

fig.53, fig.54. The Israelites are painted as mediaeval warriors in a mediaeval city. And they carry a cannon on a carriage with them! See [6v1], ch.4.

The medievan geography in the Old Testament[edit | edit source]

In the Book of Exodus there are vivid traces of Mediaeval Western-European geographical names: KNUN Genoa, the river PRT Pruth, the descendants of Lot - the Latini, the stream of ARNN the river Arno, VASSAN - the city of Bassano in Italy, RAVVA the Italian Ravenna, RAMAH Rome, etc. The matter is that the Ottoman (Ataman) conquest, aka the biblical conquest of the fighters for God of the land of Canaan, rolled out all over Western Europe too. It covered the vast territories and could not be carried out solely by efforts of a single monolithic army. Various military divisions set off in different directions. In the Book of Joshua it is mentioned, as a rule, that the battles were fought not by all of the Israelites against their enemies, but just about several tribes-factions.

N.A.Morozov in [544], v.2, pointed out, that it is possible to read the unvowelized text of many excerpts of the Book of Exodus, taking into account the location of the Sinai mountain = Horeb = Zion in Italy. The Biblical descriptions of Sinai clearly indicate that it was an active volcano. Most likely it was meant to be the Italian Vesuvius [1v], ch.1:11. The Biblical geographical names have appeared in modern Palestine quite recently, after Palestine was incorrectly identified with the Biblical Promised Land. In the Middle Ages there were no such names there.

Moses and Joshua Ben Nun[edit | edit source]

Moses was a czar-khan of the Ottomans (Atamans). In the Middle Ages they were often called the Saracens. This word is probably a variant of the word CZARIST. It turns out that there existed some Russian sources which directly called the Biblical Moses the czar of the SARACENS, i.e. the czar of the ATAMANS (OTTOMANS). This astonishing fact from the point of view of the Scaligarien history was brought across to us by the annotations to the mediaeval indexes of the 'erroneous books'.

Here we encounter the traces of the defunct mediaeval tradition which communicated the Biblical story in a dramatically different fashion to the way it is being painted for us by modern editions of the Bible. Many old books, which were denounced as false, were destroyed. So today we can judge their content only by such brief sketches.

The Biblical books in the XVI-XVII were changing, branching into various editions, while at the same time preserving the same name. For example, Exodus. But today only one version of it remains. Many think that THIS WAS ALWAYS THE ONE AND ONLY VERSION. It is not so. In the XVI-XVII cc. many biblical books were re-written, having changed the dating and the geography. At the same time the events in Russia-Horde were removed and shaded over. The old authentic scrolls were destroyed. Controversy arose around such practices. The repercussions of these controversies are still felt by us now. For instance: 'The heretics put together Exodus of Moses crookedly', - writes an author of the late XVI century [937], p.359. Meaning that: 'The Exodus of Moses was represented incorrectly by the Heretics'. And, as we can appreciate it now, his indignation is justified.

The following rulers are the duplicates, the reflections of the same reality of the XV-XVI cc. One should not think that the Russian and Ataman (Ottoman) sources are perfectly accurate. Given that the Russian history was heavily distorted, [4v1], ch.1. The same sort of thing was happening in Turkey in the XVII-XIX cc. and even the XX century. That is why the 'phantom epochs' may contain mistakes in the dating and confusion amongst the rulers.

1) The Biblical epoch of Moses is the time of the Ottoman Conquest in the first half of the XV century.The character of Moses comprises: the Golden Horde Khan of the first half of the XV century Olugh Mokhammad (of Kazan) or Ulug Mehmed (the Great Mahomet or Muhammad) the founder of Kazan (=Medina?); the Ataman (Ottoman) sultan Mehmed I (1402-1421); the Ataman (Ottoman) sultan Murad II (1421-1451); the Ataman (Ottoman) sultan Mohamed II the Conqueror(1451-1481).

This very epoch is the same 'ancient classical' epoch of the wars of the Macedonian King Phillip II the Conqueror. It is at the same time the epoch of Kham Olugh-Mehmet in Russian History, circa 1420-1450.

2) The Biblical epoch of Joshua Ben Nun, who succeeded Moses, is the time of the Ottoman conquest, beginning with seizure of Czar-Grad in 1453 by Mohamed II, and culminating in the peak of the golden age under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566). Suleiman was known as AL-QANUNI [336], \u0442.5, \Uffffffff.148-149. It means the GREAT KHAN, as QANUNI AND KHAN only slightly differ in pronunciation.

This epoch is also the epoch of Alexander the Great of Macedonia who continued the conquest of Phillip II. The figure of Alexander is multi-layered. He embodied both the events of the XV century (Olugh-Mohamed I, Mohamed II the Conqueror and also of the XVI century. Including events from the life description of Andronicus-Christ of the XII century.In Russian history it is also the epoch of Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566). And partially it is the epoch of his contemporary Ivan IV 'Grozny' (Ivan the 'Terrible').

Fig. 55

The following picture of the disposition of the military columns, = 'tribes of Israel' of Joshua Ben Nun, takes shape fig.55. Six Cossack camps were situated in Bulgaria, and six other were scattered along the cost of Turkey. The Bible (Numbers 2:17) says that among those 12 camps there should be one camp of the Levitical priests, the guardians of the Tabernacle of Testimony, not included in their number (Numbers 1:48 and further). That's exactly what we see! Czar-Grad (Yeros) = Jerusalem, the holy place is situated practically in the centre. The columns located in Bulgaria defend it from the direction of Europe, and the columns situated in Turkey cover the Mediterranean coast of Asia Minor [6v1], ch.5.

The famous siege and conquest of Biblical Jericho by Joshua's (Ben Nun's) army is the famous seizure of Czar-Grad by Sultan Mohamed II in 1453. The entire description of the siege of Jericho revolves around its walls. Effectively the mighty triple belt of Constantinople's walls was considered a miracle the art of fortification. The Bible says that Jericho's walls were destroyed by the besiegers in some unusual way. Purportedly, using a 'loud noise' produced by some jubilee trumpets' (Joshua Ben Nun 6:3). It turns out the Old Testament 'jubilee trumpets' are simply the cannons. And a 'loud sound' is simply the cannonade'. The walls were destroyed by the heavy siege cannons [6v1], ch.5.

The Ottoman conquest of the Promised Land by Joshua Ben Nun is also described in the European sources as the conquest by Apostle Jacob (Ya'aqov (Ya akov) = James (Hebrew origin meaning Jacob Translator's note). It is considered that the apostle St.James is buried in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Spain. The famous Way of St.James is the later version of this map which was compiled in 1648, has survived until today as a military map of the conquest routes by St.James = Joshua Ben Nun in the XV-XVI cc. [6v1], ch.5.

The Ottoman conquest was rolling on from the East to the West. Joshua Ben Nun's army marched out from Russia-Horde and The Ottoman Empire-Ottomania (Atamania). That is why on the map of 1648 there are no 'ways of pilgrimage' marked on the Eastern territories. The Horde military field maps were intended for the conquest of exactly Western Europe, Africa and generally the territories to the West and to the South of Russia-Horde. The randomness of the routes also becomes clear. The 'Mongol' troops moved according to the requirements of the colonization-war. But the general direction was to the West, in particular, towards Spain.

The conquest of the Promised Land by Joshua Ben Nun was not only the dispersal of the Christian faith, but also the military invasion. They were trying to convince not just by the word but also by the sword. And in the case of resistance by the massive howitzer weapon, mortar-guns and cavalry encased in armour. In a sense the Scaligerian interpretation of the 'ways of pilgrimage' as the ways of 'James' conquests' is reasonable. The only thing which has to be adjusted is the very meaning of the events of the XV-XVI cc. itself. It concerns the Ottoman conquest by Joshua Ben Nun = St. James (Jacob) [6v1], ch.5.

Soon the entire world was conquered. The Cossack = Israelite army reached the Atlantic. But their progress didn't stop there. The Horde navy soon left the ports of the Western Europe, which set off further across the ocean to America in order to conquer the unknown lands 'the other side of the sea'.

Conquest of America by Russia-Horde and the Ottoman Empire - Atamania - in the 15th century. Biblical patriarch Noah is Christopher Columbus[edit | edit source]

In the XV century the second phase of the conquest began. The military navy of Russia-Horde = Israel and The Ottoman Empire-Ottomania(Atamania) = Judea crossed the Atlantic and disembarked in America. This event is known to us as the voyage of 'Christopher Columbus'. In the Bible all of this is described as the voyage of patriarch Noah crossing the 'mighty waters'. The other armies of Russia-Horde entered the American continent via the Bering Strait and colonized the Western coast of America and the North. Then they advanced to South America. In America the Horde and Ataman (Ottoman) colonizers have created cultures known to us today as the Indian civilisations of Maya, Aztec, Inca, Toltec and others (etc.) [6v2], ch.6.

In Spanish the discoverer of America was called Cristóbal Colón [797], p.603. It is not a name in a sense conventional today, but a nickname like Crusader Colón (Colonizer). The historians themselves recognise that the name Cristóbal originates from the word Christ, or Christian, or Crusader, and the word COLON meant: a colony, a colonizer, colonization. Today we do not know the actual name of this man. Only his nickname Crusader Colonizer. I.e. a person under the banner of Christ, who discovered a new continent and started its colonization. It was as a Crusader that Columbus was depicted on some of the old prints [6v2], ch.6.

In the Middle Ages there prevailed some legends (which perfectly support our reconstruction) that America was discovered and populated by the TRIBES OF ISRAEL, who arrived there by sea. This is in the spirit of a biblical description: a patriarch Noah crosses some vast ocean and his descendants populate the New Land, the New World.

The book of Mormon about the conquest of America by Noah/Columbus[edit | edit source]

The Mormons is a religious movement of American origin. Besides the conventional Bible they revere equally or possibly to a greater extent the Book Of Mormon (The Mormon Bible).

The Mormons claim that their Bible is the authentic ancient document. Many don't believe that, as up until the XIX century it was out of sight of the Biblical Studies. When analysing the Mormon Bible [6v2], ch.6, we discovered that the Mormons are in the right here. This text could not have been invented in the XIX century. If it was true, then the historical records included in the book would have been obtained from the Scaligerian textbooks of that time. However, VARIOUS PASSAGES FROM THE MORMON BIBLE COMPLETELY DON'T COMPLY WITH THE SCALIGERIAN VERSION AND CORRESPOND WELL WITH THE NEW CHRONOLOGY.

The Book of Mormon is, most likely, one of the versions of the Bible, but it differs greatly from the European version. The main body of the Book of Mormon narrates of the events which are not reflected in the conventional Bible. The Mormon tradition claims that the Book of Mormon describes the events in connection with the American continent. It also tells a lot about the past of the Mormons prior to their relocation to America. These parts resonate with the conventional Bible. The chronology of the events described in the Book of Mormons which are recognised today, i.e. namely from the year 600 BC to the year 421 AD relies entirely on the Scaligerian version. That is why it is incorrect. It turns out that this book tells us about the actual events of the XII-XVII cc. I.e. of the epoch which is also reflected in the conventional Bible.

The Book of Mormon describes the voyage of Nephi-Noah and his relatives in the Ark across the great waters, known to us from the European Book of Genesis. On the other hand the commentators of the Book of Mormon insist, moreover, in a plain language! - that this is a 'prophesy' of the 'foreseen' DISCOVERY OF AMERICA. Even in the Book of Mormon itself, in the subhead of The First Book of Nephi, ch.13, is clearly says: THE VISION OF... DISCOVERY (AND COLONIZING) OF AMERICA'. Indeed, it is difficult to disagree that here is the account of the first or one among the first voyages across the Atlantic. This was the voyage of Columbus at the end of the XV century.

Of course, the commentators of the Book of Mormon talk only about the PROPHECY of the discovery of America. Contrary to the clarity of the picture, they cannot say directly, that here is described the discovery of America in the XV century. Bound by the erroneous chronology, they shift the events into deep antiquity, allegedly 592-590 BC. See One Nephi, comments to chapters 16-18. This error has to be corrected and date it to the XV century. The shift of the dates upwards would comprise approximately 2100 years [6v2], ch.6.

When describing the voyage of Nephi-Noah (Columbus) the Book of Mormon refers to a compass, a globe, iron crossbows, firearms (described in a somewhat veiled way cannons, muskets and other objects of the XV-XVI cc. epoch.

The Book of Mormon proclaims that the voyage of Nephi-Noah (Columbus) and Jared-Horde was the voyage of one of the Twelve Tribes of the children of Israel who left the land of Egypt or the land of Jerusalem. It is all correct. The Twelve Tribes of Israel are the armies of the hetmans (Cossack chieftains, attamans), who marched from Russia-Horde in different directions to conquer the Promised Land in the XIV-XV cc. KOLENO (BRANCH or LINE) meant KOLONNA (military COLUMN or military LINE), i.e. a military detachment (unit). Russia-Horde = Israel set off for the conquest of Europe and faraway America.

Is Columbus' voyage connected with the Exodus of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, notably from Spain? IT IS THOUGHT THAT THE VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS STARTED AT THE MOMENT OF THE EXODUS OF THE JEWS FROM SPAIN.

It is all correct. They referred not to the expulsion of Jews from Spain, but to the next stage in the advancement of the tribes = columns of Israel, i.e. the Russian-Horde (Hordian) and Ottoman (Ataman) armies. One of the Cossack detachments arrived to Spain. It paused there for some time as they were building a fleet. Maybe, for several years, as the Book of Mormons claims. And moved further to the West across the ocean. Such a major event in Spain of the XV century was interpreted by the recent historians as allegedly the 'expulsion of Jews from Spain'. The fact, that actually did take place, was given an entirely different meaning, fogging and obscuring the true meaning. The distortion was manufactured when creating the Scaligerian history.

Thus, the 'moors' or the 'arabs' were 'driven out' from Spain not at all by the indigenous population of the Iberian Peninsula. The Imperial army forced the people out further to the West. The lines-columns arrived to Spain under the order of the khan of the 'Mongol' Empire originally for the quarantine cleansing of the infected territories, and then, further down the line to organise the relocation across the Ocean. The 'moors' or the 'arabs' who lived in Spain, were the descendants of the first great conquest of the XIV century. The new wave of the XV century was the second one.

Subsequently it turns out that the 'most ancient Babylonian and Sumerian documents call the Biblical Noah by the name of ZIUSUDRA (Zi-ud-sura or Xisuthros), i.e. Cristopher, and effectively describe him as Cristopher Coloumbus of the XV century [6v2], ch.6.

Presumably, in some of the regions of the 'Mongol' Empire, for example in the Middle East and Asia, they used to write on the clay tablets up until the XVII-XIII cc. Maybe there was very little paper and expensive parchment there. That is why the fragments of the Bible, which during that epoch was only just taking shape, were written down by the local scribes and priests onto the clay tablets. Later, when the writing paper was delivered to those regions, the clumsy tablets grew out of use and were soon forgotten. They were discovered in the ground 200-300 years later by the archaeologists of the XIX-XX cc. Brought up on the erroneous chronology, they declared their discovery to be the 'most ancient Sumerian' testimonies dating allegedly thousands of years BC.

Furthermore, we learnt that the 'most ancient' holy book Popol Vuh of the American Mayan people is another version of the Bible, which narrates about the events of the XIV-XVI cc.

The "ancient" book Popol Vuh' about the colonization of America in the 15th-16th centuries[edit | edit source]

Popol Vuh is a holy book of the American Indians Maya-K'iche. They were a powerful people inhabiting Central America. It is thought that the Mayan civilization blossomed in the XI century and was destroyed in the XV-XVI cc. during the invasion of the Europeans the Spanish conquistadors. But this hypothesis of the historians is incorrect. It turns out that the epoch of Columbus is not only reflected in Popol Vuh, but the book itself begins with its description. Even Columbus' name is mentioned. Relocation from the Old World to the New World is one of the central themes of the book. All of this was taking place in the XIV-XVI cc. [6v2], ch.6.

The historians are convinced that the 'very ancient' Popol Vuh reflects only the local American history and 'by no means'; could have described the Biblical and Christian events in the Old World. As, they said, the regular contacts with Europe started only in the late XV century. Consequently, the historians reason, all the obvious parallels of the 'ancient' Popol Vuh with the 'ancient' Old Testament can be attributed to this. Purportedly, in the XVI century some scribes of the American book inserted into it Christian and Biblical motives, brought into America only in the XV-XVI cc. I.e., they say, they falsified the text [1348], p.18.

Any thought of Popol Vuh being written as a Christian book in the XV-XVI cc. from the very beginning cannot cross a modern historian's mind as it would contradict the Scaligerian chronology.

A continuously expressed statement in Popol Vuh claiming the community alliance of the settlers in America is absolutely correct. Russia-Horde, which created the Empire, expanded in various directions from the collective center. Our point of view differs from the traditional one in that, that the historians refer the words of the American Bible Popol Vuh exclusively to the history of Central America. We, on the other hand, claim that here is presented a grandiose view of the resettlement of the peoples of Russia-Horde throughout the world at that time. One of the final countries of resettlement was Central America. But it was not the only one [5v], [6v2].

Having arrived in America, the people of Maya-K'iche 'found many cities' [1348], p.193. As Popol Vuh informs us, soon the question of the New Kingdom's establishment and Benediction came up. It was required to send back to the East across the ocean the embassy of Maya-K'iche to the great Quetzalcoatl to obtain the authority to govern [1348], p.206-210. This section of Popol Vuh is extremely interesting.

As soon as the suspension of the Scaligerian chronology lifted, in the name of the Mexican god Quetzalcoatl we recognise Caesar-Catholic. The sounds L and R could cross over: QuetzalCoatl = Caesar-Coatl = Caesar-Catholic. This immediately carries us over to Europe, where the Russian Christian church is still called the Orthodox CAPHOLIC, and in some countries the CATHOLIC faith is wide-spread.

Thus the embassy of Maya-K'iche from a faraway America, having crossed the ocean, appeared in front of the great Capholic (Catholic) King and received the powers and authority to rule over the territories discovered in America. This event reflected in the European sources as the return to Europe of the confederates of Columbus to receive from the king the authority to rule the discovered American lands. It is clear that such authority could have been given only by the emperor of the 'Mongol' Empire. Furthermore, it is possible, that QuetzalCoatl in the Indian texts is the Emperor Charles V. Whom the famous conquistador admiral Cortes did in fact report about the conquest of America [6v2], ch.6. In which case, QuetzalCoatl is known to us also as the Assyrian- Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar. Aka khan Ivan Vasilyevich IV Grozny (The Terrible).

The entire story with the respectful embassy of Maya-K'iche from America to the Eastern Czar-Capholic shows, that in the epoch of the XV-XVI cc. the hierarchical power structure in the Great Empire was clear. To come into the ownership rights of the discovered territories was possible only via the magnanimity of the Khan of Russia-Horde. He listened graciously and gave his permission. The members of the embassy breathed a sigh of relief. In Central America the civilizations of Maya and Toltec flourished.

There are strongly pronounced Evangelical storylines present in Popol Vuh. In particular, the appearance of the Star of Bethlehem in the sky, as on omen of the arrival of Christ and the Christophany (appearance of Christ) itself.

It would be more correct to call the Indian civilisations of Central America Maya, Aztec, etc. the HORDE-Indian. They appeared as a result of the Hordian-Ottoman (Ataman) conquest of America in the XIV-XV cc.

The close ties between "ancient" America and "ancient" Eurasia are well-known. But they began only in the 14th-15th century[edit | edit source]

Today a great number of impressive testimonies of the close ties between 'ancient' Maya and 'ancient' cultures of Europe and Asia have been amassed. [6v2], ch.6. However the historians and archeologists shift these ties back into the 'distant past'. The result they arrive at is, that long before the voyage of Columbus there was continuous relations between America and Eurasia, the level and intensity of which was so high, that corresponded to the state of the civilization only starting with the XV-XVI cc. For the historians there is an insuperable chronological contradiction at the bottom of it. That is why on one hand they are compelled to acknowledge the 'ancient', close and regular relations between America and Europe. And on the other hand, they constantly make stipulations that purportedly the connections were occasional and rare. And in general, they say, don't pay any attention to them. The main thing is, don't ask us any questions about the chronology.

These authors, being under the influence of the erroneous chronology, were compelled to concoct some artificial theories to explain the close 'ancient' connections between America and Eurasia. It is clear now, that there is no need in them. It is sufficient to say plain and clear: Yes, in fact the regular communications did exist. However, it was not at all in the 'deepest past', but only starting with the XIV-XV cc. As a result of the colonisation of America by Russia and The Ottoman Empire. After that all the baffling questions accrued by the commentators become irrelevant per se.

Mysterious centre which the waves of the global migrations were spreading from[edit | edit source]

Let us get back to the close ties between America and Eurasia in allegedly 'pre-Columbus' time'. 'A multitude of very specific parallels, - says Gordon Ekholm, - guards against any possibility of a random coincidence' [210], p.33.

And further: <<A famous Mexican ethnologist and art critic Miguel Covarrubias suggests that 'the great traditions of the Teotihuacan culture were brought to the Mexican Valley... by some MYSTERIOUS FOREIGN ELITE, WHOSE MOTHERLAND WAS SITUATED SOMEWHERE IN THE EAST... Having mastered the more primitive local tribes, the strangers, according to him, STOOD AT THE TOP OF THE NEW CIVILIZED SOCIETY, FORMED ON THE BASIS OF THE CULTURAL FUSION OF THE TWO CULTURAL STREAMS: LOCAL AND FOREIGN'>> [210], p.77.

And yet more: 'But, perhaps, the most extreme position in the debate about the origin of the Teotihuacan civilization was adopted by the Swiss explorer Sigvald Linne, who for many years conducted excavations on the territory of the city. He was arguing that ... the LOCAL POPULATION WAS ALTOGETHER DRIVEN OUT FROM THE BENIGN VALLEY BY SOME UNKNOWN ALIEN PEOPLE, WHO OVER TIME CREATED A BRILLIANT CIVILIZATION OF THE CLASSIC ERA. Thus, the majority of the experts on the Teotihuacan civilization, who worked for a long time at the town's site and were familiar with its culture better than anyone, concurred that the local civilization was imported either from the East, the West or the South, anything but originating in Teotihuacan itself' [210], p.78.

And also: <<Even in the late XIX early XX cc. the scientists- Americanologists Leonard Adam, Carl Gentze (\u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0446\u0435), Paul Rivet, Hoze Imbellione (\u0425\u043e\Uffffffff\u0435 \u0418\u043c\u0431\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438) and the others drew to attention the ASIAN-AMERICAN PARALLELS IN ART. The substantiatial works by L.Adam and C.Gentze pointed out some interesting similarities in the motives, ornamentation and stylized design of various articles of merchandise of the people of Eastern Asia on one hand, and North-West coast of America and Mexico on the other... The course of ancient history looked primitively simple according to this concept: 'THE GIVING' EAST AND 'THE RECEIVING' PROVINCES, WICH INCLUDED NEARLY ALL OF OUR PLANET... In this respect a considerable part was played by the works of German and Austrian ethnologists, the creators of the theory of The Kulturkreis ('culture circles' or 'cultural field')- F.Graebner, W.Schmidt, B.Ankerman, V.Coppers and the others, who tried to prove that THE CULTURES OF ALL THE PEOPLES IN THE WORLD ORIGINATE FROM SEVEN OR EIGHT WAVES OF CONSECUTIVE MIGRATIONS OF A GIGANTIC SCALE, EMANATING FROM A CERTAIN MYSTERIOUS CENTRE, WHICH SHOULD BE LOOKED FOR SOMWHERE IN THE SOUTH-EAST ASIA and regions of Oceania adjacent to it >> [210], p.20-21.

The mysterious centre was sought for a long time. But they failed to find it. We can point it out. The scientists, not knowing it themselves, discovered the outcomes of the Horde-Ottomania's (Atamania's) conquest-resettlement which was expanding in every direction, resulting in the birth of the Great Empire. Hindered by an incorrect chronology, the historians looked for the centre in the 'distant' past'. They didn't find it there. Because it is in Russia and The Ottoman Empire of the XIV-XVI cc.

It was the erroneous chronology which literally at every step of the way was preventing the historians to arrive at our conclusion. They write this way: <<Unfortunately, nearly all the parallels presented here are of a purely superficial nature, AND THE CHRONOLOGICAL GAP BETWEEN THEM SPANS EVERY TIME OVER A GREAT MANY CENTURIES. If, let's say, the lotus relief from Amaravati (India) date to the II century AD, then their Mexican 'doubles' from Chichen Itza were created at best circa the XII century AD. In Cambodia the step pyramids for the first time appear only in the X century AD, whereas in Mesoamerica in the early I century BC >>[210], p.30.

Take away the wrong dates from here, lift all these parallels into the epoch of the XIV-XVI cc., and everything will fall into place. The mysterious mass parallels will transform into a bright picture of intercommunication between CONCURRENT civilizations of the XIV-XVI cc.

The colossal division of the world between "Castile" and "Portugal"[edit | edit source]

Fig. 56

There is an incredible fact well-known in the XV century history. Castile, as a part of Spain, and Portugal divided the world between themselves! One of the major documents consolidating the division of the world is called quite openly: The Treaty of Tordesillas between the Kings of Spain and Castile REGARDING THE DIVISION OF THE WORLD. 7 June 1494." [707], p.375. This very division of the world is ratified in the papal bull of the 4 May 1493 [707], p.240. Also the papal bulls of 1452, 1455 and 1481 speak of the distribution of the spheres of influence worldwide between Castile and Portugal [707], p.246-247.

The crux of the matter is as follows. Castile and Portugal divided the world between themselves by drawing a line of demarcation along the meridian in the Atlantic from North to South, fig.56. A part of the world to the East of the line was granted to Portugal. The rest of the world to the West of the meridian was granted to Castile. The division was accompanied by the debates: the division line would shift one way or the other. In fig.56 can be seen the demarcation lines of the years 1481, 1493 and 1494 [707], p.248. The main border of the division of the world was the meridian passing through the Atlantic [6v2], ch.6.

It is reported: <<That is how appeared the famous papal bulls of Pope Alexander VI ... placing the kings of Castile INTO POSSESSION OF THE MASSIVE BODIES OF WATER AND LAND TERRITORIES... It is believed that Alexander VI was the conciliator in the Castile-Portugal dispute and that he, wishing to reconcile the litigant sides', 'divided the world' between both of the Iberian powers>> [707], p.247-248.

So in the late XV early XVI cc. the entire world was divided between Castile and Portugal. Notably with much éclat and on a large scale. A straight division line was drawn rather simply along a meridian across the Atlantic. The seas and the lands to the right of the meridian would belong to Portugal. Those to the left to Castile [707], p.248-249, 376.

Today this treaty is perceived by the historians as something 'rather strange'. They could not have failed noticing a surprising inconsistency between a massive scale of the affair and an apparent insignificance of the two 'rival countries' Castile and Portugal. Have a look at the map. Find a small country which is called Portugal today. Then find a small region in Spain called Castile. The population of both of these countries is numerically insignificant. These countries were not particular wealthy or rich in natural resources in the Middle Ages. The historians themselves write: 'WEEK, TORN BY THE FEUDAL WARS, UNSUCCESSFULY TRIED to compete with Portugal in the waters of the Atlantic ocean. THE CASTILIAN PEOPLE WITH GREAT EFFORT MANAGED TO KEEP POSESSION OF THE CANARY ISLANDS' [707], P.245. In regards to Portugal's status up until the end of the XIV century they write: 'IT WAS ONLY A REMOTE EUROPEAN BACKWOODS' [707], P.244.

So, 'week Castile' and 'remote European backwoods' Portugal allegedly divide the world between themselves. And what is most surprising, they do not encounter any opposition. They had disputes only between themselves. And only in regards to where to draw the demarcation line. And the Roman pope approves of this division! It is strangeisn't it?

The role of the pope also surprises the historians: 'It is relevant... to pose a question, on which grounds did the pope take charge of the seas and lands which did not belong to him and what could these privileges mean?' [707], p.245.

But all the oddities appear because the historians look through the prism of the Scaligerian history. Our reconstruction puts everything in its place.

In the late XV early XVI cc. the only two mighty superpowers of that time Russia-Horde (Castile) and The Ottoman Empire=Ottomania (Atamania) (Potugal) come to an agreement about the division of the world. Both of these states were a part of the 'Mongol' Empire. That is why they agreed quickly and with no particular problems. The purpose of the agreement is clear. To regulate the actions of the Russian and Ottomanian administration in the vast territories colonized by the Empire in the XV-XVI cc. I.e. they have divided between themselves the Biblical Promised Land. This way it was easier to control the distant provinces and to organize normal life there. It is difficult to do so from one centre in view of the sheer size of the Empire which has expanded incredibly.

The reason, why it is Porte-Head, i.e. 'Portugal' ('gal' = 'golova' = 'glavny' meaning Head or Main in Russian \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c. \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430) (The Ottoman Empire), that a part of the world east of the Atlantic meridian went to, is clear. The fact is that during that epoch the Ataman (Ottoman) navy ruled exactly in the Mediterranean and in the Eastern part of the Atlantic. And Russia-Horde colonized a significant part of the North-Asian continent situated to the West of the demarcation line, fig.56. Russia-Horde was advancing into America not only with the Ataman (Ottoman) fleet, but also from Siberia, via the Bering Strait and then across Alaska into inland America.

The pope's role in the division of the world also becomes clear. A treaty of such importance should be sanctioned by the spiritual authority of the Great Empire. I.e. the Pope. As was done.

The treaty between Russia and Ottomania (Atamania) remained in force up until the XVII century. Only after the victory of the rebellious Reformation and the breakup of the 'Mongol' Empire the Treaty became a subject of attack from the reformists. 'By the XVII century, when the initiative of the colonial expansion passes to England, France and Holland, and Spain (in fact Russia-Horde Author's note) and Portugal (in fact The Ottoman Empire=Ottomania (Atamania) Author's note) lose the significant part of their West-Indian and East-Indian domain in the crippling battle, the clauses of the Treaty in Tordesillas sound like an anachronism. However UP UNTIL THE END OF THE XVIII CENTURY The Treaty of Tordesillas preserved its legal validity in resolving the boundary disputes in the South-American domains of Spain and Portugal' [707], p.379.

In fact, PORTUGAL is PORTE-GALIA, i.e. Porte-Glava (porte=gates, glava=head) or Porte Glavnaya (glavnaya=main). Or Porte Helios, i.e. Porte Sunny or Porte Sublime. We would like to remind you that 'PORTE... (Ottoman Porte, High Porte, SUBLIME Porte) are the names of the domains of the Ottoman Empire... recognised in the European documents and literature'[797], p.1038. Thus, Portu-Gal was one of the names of the Ottoman Empire.

So what is CASTILE of the XV-XVI cc.? It is possible that CASTILLA originates from the word CASTLE, i.e. a tower, a fortified manor-place or a city. It is quite possible that Cas-Tile is a distorted Cazy-Itil, i.e. meaning Cossacks from Volga. We would like to remind you that in the Middle Ages Volga river was called Itil (Or Atil). In other words, Cas-Tile could have been one of the old names for Russia-Horde or the Volga Cossacks.

In the XVII-XVIII cc. the history was re-written. The famous names of Cas-Tile and Portu-Gal survived in the Iberian Peninsula only as the names of the two small regions which were a part of the Great Empire. And today we were taught to think that these two names always referred just to contemporary Castile in Spain and to contemporary Portugal. Which is wrong.

How and when the history of America was falsified[edit | edit source]

To falsify the history of the discovery and colonization of America is far easier than to falsify the European History. The history of Europe needed a lot of work. It was necessary to break down the strong-minded resistance of the entire social strata of European society, who still remembered its recent history well. It was hard work to introduce the Scaligerian version [5v2]. Predominantly it was done by the military force. On the other hand the events in distant America troubled the Europeans far less. They were separated from America by the Atlantic. The scant information about America would reach Europe only with the ships which occasionally crossed the ocean.

The chronicle writing of America was in the hands of just a small number of Europeans. It was easy to negotiate. It was quickly explained to them what they should write, and what they shouldn't. While the authentic Hordian-Indian chronicles were burning on fires. Having ruthlessly destroyed heaps of American manuscripts, the cynics like Diego de Landa, would then pick up a quill and write the 'correct history of the Native Americans'), shedding crocodile tears [6v2], ch.6.

The 'Spanish Conquista' of the early XVI century was, in fact, one of the waves of the Hordian conquest which reached America. The first wave is the conquest by Columbus of the late XV century, and the second wave of the early XVI century is known to us as the Spanish Conquista (La Conquista). See our book <<\u0417\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \Uffffffff\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0415\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c-\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435\Uffffffff\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043c\Uffffffff\u0442\u0435\u0436 \u0420\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438 "\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445" \u0433\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432>>. ('The conquest of America by Yermak-Cortes and the Reformation revolt through the eyes (as seen, viewed by) the 'Ancient' Greeks'.)

But then a question arises. Is it correct that the destruction of the flourishing Hordian-Indian civilizations of America by the Europeans dates exactly to the early XVI century? Did it not take place later, in the XVII-XVIII cc.? In the epoch of the Reformation in Europe. When the victorious rebels, having split from Horde-Ottomania (Atamania), with fire and sword spread their 'reformist ideas' into Central America as well. In the XVII century the troops of the West European Reformists finally made an incursion on the territory of America. In a grueling fight they broke down the culture of Maya, Aztek and Toltecs, which had developed over the preceeding 150-200 years. The wars were bloody. The sovereign rulers of Central America remained at most true to the idea of the 'Mongol' Empire. They warded off the attacks of the navy of the rebellious Western European governors for a long time. But in the very end the American Hordians were defeated.

After the victory of the Reformation it was decided to re-write the American history and to offload all the horrors of the XVII-XVIII cc. war onto the Hordian-Ottoman (Ataman) colonization of America of the XV-XVI cc. They killed two birds with one stone. Firstly, the Reformists white washed themselves. Secondly, in the face of Spain, they blamed the weakened Horde-Ottomania(Atamania) for their own atrocities on the territory of America. They said, they had split open the skulls of the Indian babies, etc.

Similar propaganda, blaming the Spanish conquistadors, allegedly of the XV-XVI cc., of the atrocities, spread over West Europe starting in the XVII cc. It is hardly accidental, that practically all the prints in the book of Bartolomé de las Casas were executed in the spirit of the 'information war'. Here are just a few of the gravures' engravings' names: 'The conquistadors setting the dogs on the Indians', 'Roasting over a slow fire', 'Mass torture of the Indians by the Spanish', etc. [6v2], ch.6.This is the competent and enduring way that the history of America was falsified.

The destruction of the American Indians[edit | edit source]

The majority of the North American Indians were mercilessly annihilated during the US wars as well as those Native Americans killed in the epoch of the XVIII century. It is considered that Holland, France, England and then the USA, in severe battles and in violent disputes among themselves, were seizing the former 'Spanish territories' in America [336], v.2. In fact, the conquered lands were the vast American domains of Russia-Horde and Atamania (Ottoman Empire) which suddenly 'became no one's' after Moscow Tartaria fell apart circa 1775 [4v1], ch.11. The founding of the USA in 1776 was accompanied by other distinguished events, which are now becoming clear. For example: 'In 1774 there was announced the freedom of the trade exchange between the colonial provinces... In 1778 a FULL REFORM OF THE CROSS-ATLANTIC TRADE took place'[336], v.2, p.417

'Even Washington for a long time had to lead the wars with the Native Americans, in which the success was reached only by the merciless use of power and was connected with multiple heavy losses' [336], v.2, p.484.

A small number of Native Americans who survived, were forced into reservations where they, on the whole, remain until present day. A myth was created and forcefully introduced into the mass consciousness, alleging that the 'Indians are themselves to be blamed'. Purportedly, the well-mannered European settlers in America of the XVII-XVIII cc. were forced to defend themselves from the attacks of the proud Native Americans, who for some reason were protecting their lands. In the end the Europeans' patience came to an end and they had to shoot all the Native Americans with the cannons. In order to save the remaining ones from hunger and cold, they were honourably and altruistically provided with infected blankets. Many, for some reason, died. The surviving ones were freely inebriated with alcohol. They were recommended not to step outside the gates of the reservation. However they were savage, uneducated, not suited to a new life. So on the whole everything ended for them quite well. Now the descendants of the Native Americans, which are few and far between, are invited to share, as they say, in the fruits of European civilization.

Thus was the story of the employees of the Museum of Ethnography at the University of British Columbia in the Canadian city of Vancouver and the Vancouver Centre of the Native American Culture, heard by A.T.Fomenko and T.N.Fomenko in 1991.

It is interesting that on the maps of the West and North West of America of the XVI-XVII cc. there was an enormous 'white spot' [6v2], ch.6. As we have demonstrated, these territories even then were under the rule of Moscow Tartaria. The Europeans were not allowed there. In any case, up until 1775. Only from this moment, after the defeat of 'Pugachev', Moscow Tartaria started to fall apart, and the USA emerged. It is curious to see when exactly the USA populated, for example, the territories of San Francisco, one of the most fruitful regions of the West Coast of America. These territories to the North of the Californian Peninsula, constituted the 'white spot' on the maps up until the second half of the XVIII century. Here are the three images, two of which are very rare.

Fig. 57

The first - is an engraving with a view of San Francisco in 1848, fig.57. Its coastline is practically empty. There are only four ships docked in the bay. There are just a few small houses in the valley. There are surrounding thick woods on the hillsides. There is obviously very few people there. The region is not developed yet. Everything is clear. The USA came here comparatively recently. The old Hordian-Indian settlements are already destroyed, and the new city has not yet been built.

Fig. 58

The second image was made only ten years later, in 1858, fig.58. It is astounding that in ten years a big city had time to grow!

The bay is literally clogged with vessels. Young San Francisco has grown rapidly on the territories which were recently seized from the the Hordians-Indians.

TelegraphHill1890.jpg

The last image is a photograph of the end of the XIX century. There is already a big city depicted on it.

The Koran and the Bible[edit | edit source]

Over the course of time Islam underwent great change and only recently assumed its current form.The Western commentators' of the XIX century's attitude towards the Koran and Muhammad (still not completely overcome to this day) was on the whole very sceptical. Purporting that it is a derivative recent text, largely based on the Old Testament Bible, on the Judaic and Christian works. Originally, they say, recorded either on the bones, papyrus, palm tree leaves, pebbles, or preserved in memory...

Now we understand the reasons for such a negative attitude. The fact is that the chronologists of the XVI-XVIII cc. brutally distorted the past. The Bible and the 'ancient classic' texts, which in reality were created in the XIII-XVII cc., were dated to the deepest antiquity and declared venerated works embedded in the foundation of the entire civilization. The Koran, written approximately in the same epoch, was shifted to a not so remote past and the first year of The Hijra era was professed to be 622. As a result, the Koran, purportedly turned out to be 'much younger' than the Bible and the 'ancient classics'.

Moreover, as a result the Koran and the Bible turned out to be the holy books of different religious movements, seceding from the previously united Christianity of the XIII-XVI cc. This made a strong impression on the representatives of various spiritual schools which emerged in the XVII-XVIII cc. which was reflected in their appraisal of the holy books.

The new chronology fundamentally changes this psychological picture. It becomes clear that the Koran is one of the versions of the holy books which were created in the XIII-XVII cc. that is to say simultaneously to the Bible. This is why many testaments in the Koran are not the 'quotations from the canonised Bible', but often independent and original. Even when they describe the same events as the Bible, the interpretation is different. What the bewildered commentators declare to be 'incorrect citation' of the Bible and the other sources known to us today is just a different perspective on the mediaeval events contemporary to the authors of the Koran. That is why the Koran is a vitally important and fascinating book, and in regards to us, we read the Koran with an immense interest from the beginning to the end. It turns out that it conveys to us important information lost or cleaned out in the other religious movements.

After the split of the Great Empire the attitude in the Romanovs' Russia towards the Koran and Muhammad became complicated. The emerged religious schism further aggravated tension between the Romanovs and the rulers of Turkey. Nevertheless in the Russian scientific community, unlike in Western Europe, the attitude towards the Koran on the whole remained respectful. It was published and translated in our country as a major work which merited serious study. Even the wars of the pro-Western Romanovs with Turkey didn't influence the respectful attitude towards the Koran in Russia. Despite the attempts of the Romanovs to drive a wedge between the Russians (the Orthodox Christians) and the 'Mongol' Tatars (the Muslims), it didn't succeed.

The Western torrent of 'scientific criticism' at some point descended not just on the Koran, but also on the Book of Mormon [6v]. The accusations against it were in many respects similar to those towards the Koran. Generally the Book of Mormon is often declared to have been 'made up' in the XIX century. The reasons for this 'criticism' are the same. As it turned out the Book of Mormon which surfaced in the XIX century has conveyed to us an old version of history which substantially differs from the Scaligerian one. Subsequently this book was immediately condemned and categorised as 'illegitimate'.

The XVII century author Andrey Lyzlov annotated the Koran and captured a great deal accurately. But as a XVII century Christian, already having been brought up with a sceptical attitude towards Islam, he thought that the Koran (and Islam on the whole) despite, allegedly, being in conflict with the Christians, nevertheless borrowed important ideas from 'earlier' Christianity, Judaism and 'Paganism'. It is not entirely true. All these movements emerged from the whole Royal (and later the Apostolic) Christianity of the XII-XVI cc. That is why they retained so much in common.

At the same time the opinion voiced by Lyzlov has its reasons. As we understand now, the Koran was created in the XV first half of the XVII cc. as some kind of specific 'ecumenical Book' intended to rectify the rupture, which emerged in the Empire and in the religion. The Islamic leaders sincerely desired to restore the former unity. At least for the significant part of the former Empire (Western Europe was not considered 'their own' any longer). To achieve that they incorporated into the Koran ideas close to the representatives of different religious branches. Their intention was to attract them under their banner. To a great extent it succeeded. Islam has united a great number of people.

The Koran's structure also becomes clear. It is a highly poetic work filled with allegories, and also ideas close to the Christians, the Jews and the 'Pagans'. The poetic language has attracted many. The idea of the restoration of the former unity struck a chord.

Mehmed II the Conqueror and the Profet Muhammad. Yaroslavl meteor of 1421[edit | edit source]

We have discovered that the life description of Prophet Muhammad includes some accounts of Andronicus-Christ from the XII century [PRRK]. In particular the following storylines are present: the Annunciation and the Immaculate Conception; caesarean section; the Star of Bethlehem; reference to John the Baptist; the entry of Jesus into Jerusalem; Jesus driving the tradesmen out of the temple; the destruction of the temple and its rebuilding in three days; the judgement of the whore; Descent into Hell; the ascension of Jesus to heaven; Resurrection from the dead and the Last Judgement; the Conversion of Paul the Apostle (Saul).

In the Prophet Muhammad's life story there are also accounts of Moses and Joshua Ben Nun from the XV-XVI cc. For example, a mother gives up her child to be raised by another woman, later the infant is returned to his mother, but she still gives him back. Moses kills the Egyptian, and a pharaoh in revenge wants to kill Moses, but fails. In the life story of Muhammad we are told that he was falsely accused of the murder of a Christian called Sergius, and also about the failed attempt to assassinate the Prophet Muhammad. The Exodus of Moses with the Israelites from Egypt corresponds with Muhammad and his followers' migration (Hijra) from Mecca. Muhammad's great Battle of Badr corresponds with Moses' victory over the pharaoh's army. Muhammad, like Moses, at a single blow cuts though the water, etc. See [PRRK].

However, the facts of the famous Sultan Mehmed II the Conqueror were incorporated into the life story of Prophet Muhammad most of all. The well-known Arab conquest is the Ataman (Ottoman) seizure of the Promised Land in the XV-XVI cc. In particular, the conquest of the cities Taif and Tabuk by the Prophet Muhammad is the reflection of the seizure of Czar-Grad in 1453 by Sultan Mehmed II the Conqueror [PRRK], ch.3. Besides, in the life description of the sultan Mehmed II the Conqueror there are fragments of the 'biographies' of Czar Ivan the 'Terrible' (III = IV) and Khan Ulugh Mehmed.

An interesting theme directly connected with the life description of the Prophet Muhammad was exposed. It turns out that a large iron meteor which fell in Yaroslavl in 1421 was reflected in the Bible, Islam, Christianity, in the 'ancient paganism' of Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece. This fall of the meteor on Novgorod (i.e. Yaroslavl) is described in detail in the Russian chronicles, as well as in the Old Testament. It's reflected in the works of the famous Plutarch as the fall of an 'iron shield' (iron meteor) from the sky in the 'classical' Royal Rome and its usage in forging weapons of steel is described. The Russian Chronicles report the falling of the rocks (or a rock) from the sky, out of a fiery cloud in 1421.It turns out that the Horde master craftsmen started using the debris of the Yaroslavl meteor (as the additive) to smelt extra strong and resilient steel, as the result of which the famous Damask (Bulat) steel was invented. The Russian (Damask) steel later was reflected as 'ancient' Syrian. Aka Damask (i.e. Moscovian) (Bulat) steel [PRRK], ch.5.We have also discovered the mentioning of the meteor of 1421 fallen in Russia in the 'ancient' Greek texts. In particular, it is a legend of an 'ancient' bronze anvil which fell from heaven to earth, to Tartar (Tataria = Tartaria). Another famous 'meteor reflection is the famous smiting god Hephaestus-Svarog, who fell to earth and broke both of his legs.

Another reflection of the Yaroslavl meteor are the Iron Tongs which fell to earth from the sky under the divinity czar Hephaestus-Svarog. Near the place of the fall an ancient settlement Kleshin emerged, not far from Yaroslavl, which later grew into a town of Pereslavl-Zalessky. The legendary 'Blue Stone' in Pereslavl-Zalessky on the shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo is a 'substitute' of the ancient Kleshin Stone, i.e. the meteor.The rubble of the Yaroslavl meteor (or its 'substitutes' in place of the lost originals) is also most likely safely kept, in the Muslim Kaaba in memory of this event. In the Biblical Arc of the Old Testament there were remnants of the stone 'tablets' of Moses, and in the Muslim Tabernacle in Mecca fragments of the stone or iron meteor, blackened by the kisses of hundreds of thousands people. Or the debris of lava, the volcanic 'bombs'. It is known that the Kaaba 'Stone, fallen from Heaven' is the greatest relic of the contemporary Mahometans (Islamites) and the Hagarenes of the Middle Ages.

It is possible that there are the pieces of lava, according to the XIX century explorer Crichton. Lava emerges during a volcanic eruption. For example, the eruption of Vesuvius in Italy. Which we already earlier identified with the Biblical mountain Zion-Horeb, where God-Thunderer handed Moses the tablets of stone [1v]. Maybe, they could have been the pieces of lava, on which later the sacred text was inscribed. The fact, that the Black Stone of Kaaba is considered to be 'fallen from heaven' could also be a recollection of debris ejected in the air during the eruption and then fallen to earth. It is clear why the Bible says that the stone tablets broke down. The pieces of the red-hot volcanic rocks falling from the air often break on impact with the ground.

However the most established opinion (and most likely, the correct one) states that the Black Stone of Kaaba is the debris of a meteor.

We also analyse the mass cult of the sacred (rough) stone in the Bible, Islam and Christianity, which originally emerged possibly as a veneration to the iron Yaroslavl meteor. It is also worth paying attention to the mass ancient custom of the rough 'blue stones' in Yaroslavl and its suburbs.

Fig. 59

Another 'ancient' story about the Yaroslavl meteor is a famous 'Ancient' Greek myth of Phaethon, the son of Helios, who plunged into the river Eridanos and 'split Tartar apart' (i.e. Tartaria'). It means that Phaethon fell in 1421. The astronomical dating of the horoscope, which we discovered on the old bas-relief the 'fall of the Phaethon' (Phaethon zodiac), fig.59, corresponds well with the fall of the meteor on the 19th May 1421. Thus the date stated in the Russian chronicle is verified astrologically and, therefore, almost certainly with a probability of 0,999 (see the details in [PRRK], ch.5), is correct.

Through the efforts of the 'classic' authors of the XV-XVI cc., Phaethon, aka the Yaroslavl meteor of the 1421, was 'transferred' to the starry sky and depicted on the 'classic' and mediaeval star maps as a renowned stellar constellation of Auriga. The river Volga was presented as the constellation of Eridanos, and Damascus steel which became famous as the Cygnus constellation. So even from here you can see how many far reaching consequences for the 'classical' world of the XV-XVI cc. were there in the fall of the iron meteor in Timerevo, near Yaroslavl, and subsequently the beginning of the Damask steel production. So, once again, and from a different unexpected side , it is proven that the names of the constellations and their configurations were by no means determined in the 'deepest antiquity', as the historians assure us, but in the epoch of the XIV-XVI cc. [3v].

The reflections of the Yaroslavl meteor of 1421 are also the legends of apostle Peter-Rock with the keys of Heaven, and the god Hephaestus-meteor with the tongs of heaven. Some chroniclers confused Keys and Tongs (in Russian Klyuchi and Kleshi sound similar Translator's note). The fall of Phaethon was refracted as Apostle Peter's crucifixion 'headfirst' (Peter was crucified upside down).

The Old Testament Prophet Elijah is another partial reflection of Phaethon-Hephaestus-Peter, aka the Yaroslavl meteor of 1421. We refer to the famous Prophet Elijah's ascension to heaven in a chariot of fire. While Elijah of Phoenicia (Hephaestus-Phaethon?) leaves 'his deputy ' prophet Elisha (possibly, the duplicate of god Haelios, father of Phaethon).

Most likely, the famous Biblical Tabernacle, in which the Arc of the Covenant was situated, is a blacksmiths, where in a special box (like in Kaaba) the Yaroslavl meteor debris were kept.

Finally, we examine the story of Prophet Muhammad's confederate Ali-Aaron-Ayyub. It turns out that Ali-Ayyub Sultan was a friend and a banner-bearer of Prophet Muhammad and, that after allegedly 800 years of oblivion he once again emerges in the story of Mehemet II The Conqueror. In this respect a possible beginning of the Hijra era is the founding of Kazan by Ulu-Mahmet in 1437-1438. A likely correspondence looks like this: caliph Ali is Ayyub Sultan; caliph Muawiyah is Mehmed the Conqueror; the first Osman Umayyad caliphate is a union of Russia-Horde and Turkey-Atamania of the XV-XVI cc. Besides, the famous legends of Ilya of Murom and Rustam (or Rustem) encompass the recollections of caliph Ali.

So, in the life description of Prophet Muhammad there become apparent some vivid parallels with the life description of Jesus Christ, Biblical Prophet Moses and the famous sultan Mehmed II the Conqueror (1432-1481). The image of Muhammad is complicated and complex and originated in the epoch of the XV-XVI cc. as a result of combining various written sources. While the main core of the 'biography' of prophet Muhammad is a description of sultan Mehmed II the Conqueror.

The Arab conquest[edit | edit source]

After the Battle of Badr (also described in the Bible as Moses' victory over the pharaoh's army) the style of the Prophet Muhammad's life story takes a dramatic twist. The following narration up until Muhammad's death consists of a list of the military campaigns, battles, sieges and conquests of the cities. Wars, wars (and more) wars... The matter is clearly about a massive conquest. In fact this is what the Scaligerian history claims to have happened. It is considered that the famous Arab conquest begins from the victory at Badr. Sweeping through many countries. There were especially many conquests under the belt of Omar, Muhammad's successor. It was he who created the Arab Empire. Prophet Muhammad started and developed this, and Omar successfully completed it. A great many pages in the life descriptions of Muhammad and Umar ibn Al-Khattab are devoted to the Muslim military invasion. In the Bible these events are described as the conquest of the Promised Land by Israelite (i.e. Horde-Cossack) armies of Moses and his successor Joshua Ben Nun (The Books of Exodus and Joshua). Moses started the wars successfully and Joshua Ben Nun completed them brilliantly.

In fact it was the Ataman (Ottoman) conquest of the world of the XV-XVI cc. which later on spread onto the American continent. In Eurasia some of these campaigns were carried out by the Atamanian (Ottomanian) Mehmed II the Conqueror [5v] and [6v].

The bloodstained right hand - the religious symbol in Islam[edit | edit source]

In the Muslim symbolism a prominent part is played by a depiction of a right hand covered with blood. The historians do not know the origins of this symbol or when it was introduced. Some hazy hypotheses have been put forward [PRRK]. The sources inform us as follows:# This symbol had a ritual, sacred meaning.# It was perceived as a commemorative sign in honour of some sultan (allegedly Murad). This is the image of the great sultan's hand. Purportedly he left an imprint of his right palm on an important document.# The imprint of the right hand on the janissary's banners was made in blood. The custom was so widespread that as early as in the time of A.S.Pushkin it was common practice in the Turkish army.# In the epoch of the XVII-XIX cc. the Atamans (Ottomans), and later the Turks were Muslim.

It occurs that a ceremonial mark of a palmprint on a military banner could have been connected with Prophet Muhammad, the green banner of whom is called the Prophet's Banner.The palmprint of the sultan's hand covered with blood, as a well-known symbol is also mentioned in the life description of Mehmed II the Conqueror in 1453. The Turkish historian Jalal Assad wrote: 'Sultan enters Hagia Sophia on horseback over the piles of dead bodies... with his HAND COVERED WITH BLOOD he, allegedly, leaned on one of the columns, which is still visible today' [240], p.56.

Today Mehmed's II 'palmprint' is shown to the tourists in Hagia Sophia (the Church of Holy Wisdom) [PRRK]. Thus, the symbolic depiction of a right hand covered in blood could have appeared as a memory of Mehmed II.The life description of Prophet Muhammad is multi-layered. The information on sultan Mehmed II, Prophet Moses and the Emperor Andronicus-Christ is intertwined in it. But before his execution Andronicus-Christ's right hand was cut off [TsRS]. It became a Christian symbol and was depicted, in particular, in the 'ancient' Carthaginian temples on the military banners of the 'ancient' Roman legions, [PRRK], ch.4, etc.

It is possible that such a custom appeared in the epoch of the Crusades of the XIII century, when the armies of Russia-Horde and its allies moved onto Czar-Grad to punish the perpetrators of Andronicus-Christ's crucifixion. Christ's severed and bloody right hand was depicted on the military badges as a symbol of vengeance for their executed god. Since then this sign became one of the symbols of the legions of 'Ancient' Rome, i.e. Horde Empire. Most likely, originally there was also a Christian symbol fluttering on the Islamic military banners the right hand of Christ covered in blood. Under such banners the Christians-Mahometans of that time went into battle. Later the origins of this symbolism were buried, and the chroniclers started to remember either sultan Mehmed II, or sultan Murad, or simply spoke of a ritual meaning of the bloodied hand on the banners of Prophet Muhammad.

Janissary[edit | edit source]

The Ottoman Empire was founded by the Horde Cossacks who came from Russia-Horde (Biblical Israel) to conquer the Promised Land. Naturally there were many Slavs and Turks among the warriors. The Cossacks-Hordians had a strong effect not only on the Ataman (Ottoman) army's hand-picked contingent, but also made up the Empire's nobility from whom was elected the sultan and his court. It is not surprising that the sultan was proud to wear the Janissarian ketche (a hat), which in fact was a Hordian headdress [PRRK].

So it turns out that Janissary are one of the heirs of the Order (aka Horde) of the Crusaders, i.e. 'Bearers of Christ' of the XIII century = the participants of the Crusades on Czar-Grad. In memory of this Trojan war there were established the 'ancient' gladiator games, aka the mediaeval knight tournaments. And also the Olympic Games were created. [RE].Right up to the XIX century the Janissary occupied a prominent social position in Ataman (Ottoman) and later on in Turkish society. However in 1826 they were massacred. In that epoch the efforts of Western Europe to tear Turkey away from Russia and to re-orientate the sultans towards the West were successful. The fierce Janissary obstructed this 'movement towards civilisation', kept alive the memory of the former unity with Russia. It became necessary to slaughter them on the sly. At the same time the documents connected to the Janissary Order, the customs, Janissary's banners, etc. were destroyed. The memory of the past was becoming wiped out.

Yaroslavl meteor of 1421 in the Bible[edit | edit source]

  1. There are strong reasons to believe that in the suburbs of Yaroslavl there still survives an enormous sanded up crater of a large iron meteor which fell in 1421. Both, the geological data and the surviving traces of the 'iron names' surrounding this place indicate this: Zhelezny Borok (Iron Borok), Bolshoye Timerevo (Big Timerevo), Maloye Timerevo (Little Timerevo) ('Timer' means 'iron' in Tatar and Bashkirian) [PRRK].
  2. Among the archaeological excavations there were discovered some pieces with the clear traces of the meteoric iron.
  3. According to the archaeologists, here was a major manufacturing and trading centre of a European importance connected with the iron processing.
  4. Apparently, the well-known Arizonian and a lesser known Yaroslavl meteor craters are similar and the iron meteors which fell down there were of comparable sizes [PRRK], ch.5.Please note the date: 1421. It turns out that Yaroslavl meteor fell in the first half of the XV century. Precisely during the epoch of the Ottoman conquest. Its beginning is described in the Bible as Moses' famous Exodus from Egypt with the Israelites [6v]. That is why the fall of the meteor could have been reflected in the Old Testament. Actually, there is such a narration. It is the handing of the stone tablets by God to Moses. Here are two themes closely intertwined with each other.

The first is the eruption of Vesuvius in Italy (i.e. the Biblical mountains Sinai = Horeb) accompanied by fire, smoke, thunder and falling of the volcanic bombs.The second theme is the falling of a large meteor in Yaroslavl. Which also was accompanied by fire, smoke, thunder and falling of the meteoric debris. It is said in the Bible: 'On the morning of the third day there was thunder and lightning, with a thick cloud over the [Sinai] mountain, and a very loud trumpet blast. Everyone in the camp trembled.' (Exodus 19:16). It's no coincidence that Moses' stone tablets were broken.

Damask steel[edit | edit source]

The Indian, Syrian and Damascus Steels are considered to be the most ancient [988:00]. The historians refer here to the territories of the modern India and the Middle East. However, we have shown that earlier 'India' and 'Syria' were used as names for Russia-Horde of the XIII-XVII cc., i.e the metropoly of the Great Empire. Besides the old D-Mascus (Damascus) is a kingdom of Mosokh, Moscovia, and later the city of Moscow. Here D is the article denoting respect, alike to 'the' [6v]. The ancient Damask steel was first produced in Russia-Horde. It corresponds well with our concepts of the fall of the iron meteor near Yaroslavl, in the very centre of Vladimir and Suzdal Russia.

In the epoch of the 'Mongol' conquest the Damask swords which were in the armament of the Cossack (= Israelite) army of Russia-Horde, circulated rather widely. They turned up in various provinces of the Empire. Later, after its split in the XVII century, the Damask steel weapons remained in some places in the arsenals of splinter states. Its primary origin was forgotten. The new generations of the local warriors began to celebrate allegedly 'their own' ancient Damask steel, having a vague memory of ancient 'Indian', 'Syrian and 'Damascus' Steels. Not understanding any longer that all of these names on the whole meant the same thing, and at some point indicated the metropoly of Russia-Horde. After the sly editors 'drew' on the Scaligerian maps the new 'ancient' Syria, India and Damascus (where we see them today) the obliteration of the true history became even more tangible. Fairytale theories flourished of the ancient Damask steel being produced in the places where they had never made it.

As time passed, the secret of Damask steel was, as we are told, lost. Since then many tried to unsuccessfully reproduce it. Our explanation of all these failed attempts to produce the Damask steel anew in present days is very simple. Despite the fact, that Yaroslavl meteor was large, sooner or later its debris was bound to become exhausted. Though it was used very carefully and only as an additive to steel, however the original bulk of the material was still limited. When the debris came to an end, the manufacturing of Damask steel also stopped. It remained the legendary weapon of the past.

At the same time, there was enough of the valuable meteor iron to organize in the XV century the manufacturing of a significant amount of the Damask steel for the army of Russia-Horde. This, partially, explains the military superiority of the Cossack armies of that time. The Damask steel Russian (aka 'Indian') blades cut through the shields, armour and swords of their enemies. The Damask steel weapons were enshrouded in legend. The secret of the Damask steel was lost simply due to the fact that during that time they didn't yet know how to do subtle chemical analysis. This is the reason why the composition of Yaroslavl meteor remained unknown to the Horde=Damascus craftsmen. Once the meteor debris finished the valuable additives to steel also were exhausted. And without the knowledge of the meteor composition, without its 'formula' it was impossible to reproduce these additives artificially. If the ancient steelmakers themselves invented the physic-chemical 'formula' of Damask steel (without the use of the meteor) they would have hardly forgotten it.

When and why was the art of the Damask steel production forever lost? We named the main reason: the debris of the meteor became exhausted. The second reason had the evolutionary nature. In the epoch when there were no firearms Damask steel played, of course, an exceptionally important role. It cut through the ordinary armour and shields. The soldiers steel-clad in chain armour with a Damask steel sword in their hands had of course a clear advantage in the battle field. But with the invention of the muskets and cannons the significance of the Damask steel lessened and gradually faded away. For some time, mechanically, they could have continued to forge the Damask steel weapons out of the remains of the old Damask swords and chain armour. But the speedy development of the firearms resulted in the chain armour fading into the past. They became useless against the bullets and buck shot. It became unnecessary to cut shields and armour. The swords and the sabres, of course, remained amongst the weaponry, but the requirements towards the quality of the metal became weaker. A sword made of regular good steel was sufficient to cut through the uniform and normal clothes. And it was not at all compulsory for it to be made of the legendary and expensive Damask steel. So Damask steel could 'survive' till the XVII-XVIII cc., gradually turning into collector's and museum armament.

The stone debris is preserved in the Muslim Kaaba in memory of Yaroslavl meteor[edit | edit source]

During the creation and consolidation of the Great Empire the Horde army expanded in different directions. The military workshops, where they fixed and made weapons moved alongside the armies. There were probably also such mobile forges where they made Damask steel. To do so Yaroslavl meteor debris was necessary, used as the additive to steel. A certain amount of it was carried along and used when required. Obviously, it was guarded rigorously. The pieces were transported in special boxes. Several Horde armies had them. All of which contributed to the stories of the famous Biblical Ark, in which the priests carried the relics of the 'stone tablets', handed to Moses by God Himself. Thus the broken tablets could have been the debris of Yaroslavl meteor [PRRK].

But is it possible that the debris of some other meteor fallen in a different place was venerated? We will answer like this. Just the fact of meteor falling, even a very spectacular one, is not enough on its own for a strong cult of worshiping its remnants to be established. Of course the meteor blast could have impressed accidental witnesses. But those people who didn't see the fall would hardly be filled with reverence based only on a few eye witness accounts. Should the meteor pieces however be needed for the important military and social ends, then the picture changes fundamentally. The Yaroslavl meteor was not just a 'stone from the sky'. The production of Damask steel originated as a result of it. That is why the attitude towards the remains became very reverent. They 'guarded' people, 'presented' them with military victories and even prosperity. This is exactly how the Bible describes the qualities of the pieces of the stone tablets in the Ark.

The Bible believes that on the stone tablets there were WRITTEN the laws given to the Israelites by God. Where did this legend come from? Here is a simple explanation. The Yaroslavl meteor was of iron origin. The essential distinction between an iron meteor and an aerolite is that when you smooth the surface of an iron meteor, on the polished flat cut, complex shapes RESEMBLING INSCRIPTIONS will bleed through. But nothing of the kind happens with the aerolite. The 'writings' which appear on the polished section of the ferriferous meteor are called Widmanstatten patterns. When examining such patterns, our ancestors could probably decide that these were the exact divine laws given to Moses. Later the commentators 'successfully read' the arabesque like meteor patterns and wrote the required text into the Bible. Thus canonizing the laws designed by people with the authority of the 'Celestial stone'.

As it was said earlier, Kaaba most likely is the Biblical Ark of the Old Testament in the end 'emerging' in Arabia. It is likely that the stone debris kept at some point in Kaaba, were the pieces of the Yaroslavl meteor. The thought of them being those very pieces you can see today in Kaaba is very seductive. The remains of the famous 'shield from heaven' described by Plutarch. But, most likely, it is not so. The fact is that according to witnesses, the remains seen today, which are embedded in the cement, belong, it seems, to a stone meteor. However, as far as we know, their chemical analysis was never carried out.

During their military campaigns the Hordians and Atamans (Ottomans) carried the debris of the Yaroslavl meteor with them in a chest containing holy relics or in several chests, see the Bible. These portables boxes and cloth tents were the original 'Kaabas', aka 'cubes'. The troops traversed great distances. The 'Kaabas' moved together alongside them. One of them at some point landed in the Arabian Peninsula where it was hauled up. When the conquests came to an end this very 'Kaaba-Cube' became the focus of worship of the conquerors' descendants and the locals. It is Kaaba in today's Mecca.

So, at first Kaaba, or a number of Kaabas, came out of Russia-Horde. But if there survive the literary accounts of this important event, then the original Hordian 'Kaaba' could have also been depicted on the old maps. Notably, exactly in Central Russia. Are there such maps?Yes, there are. And several of them. Here, for example, the world map by Pierre Ducellier, allegedly 1550 [PRRK], ch.5. Straight in the centre of Russia there is an interesting image. A commentator writes, albeit slightly perplexedly: 'A cartographer places Alexander's Shrine (from the shores of La Manche it appears to the cartographer AS MECCA'S KAABA) far in the North [40:c], p.12.

So, in Central Russia, closer to the North, there used to be situated a structure, which according to the historians, bore a resemblance to the Kaaba in Mecca. It was called the Shrine of Alexander of Macedonia. According to our result, the biggest contribution into the multi-layered image of Alexander was made by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent of the XVI century. I.e., partially, the Biblical military commander Joshua Ben Nun. Therefore we are talking about the XVI century here, about the epoch of the Ataman conquest. So it appears that in that time in Russia there was a holy shrine resembling the Kaaba in Mecca. On the map, upstream of the river Don, there was depicted a black structure of a cuboid shape. We would like to remind you, that Kaaba is a big cubic building covered with a black coverlet.

Fig. 60

Thus, in the centre of Russia-Horde, there was a structure resembling the Kaaba-Cube. It is probable, that inside it were preserved Yaroslavl meteor fragments. At first there were a lot of stones there. Maybe several hundred tons worth. A large building was required, a warehouse. Or it could be even a number of such 'Arks'.The 'Shrine of Alexander' was very well known in Russia during the "Classical Antiquity'. It is depicted on Ptolemy's maps, Fig.60 [PRRK], ch.5. The 'shrine' was clearly considered to be a large building with windows. The contemporary Kaaba is also a building.

According to Ptolemy beside the 'Shrine of Alexander', in Russia-Horde, there was also another Shrine nearby Royal (Ceasar's Shrine), fig.60. It is possible, that here were also kept the holy remains of the iron meteor. As it was mentioned before, the Cossack armies carried with them the pieces of the meteor for the forging of Damask steel. That is why there were several 'Shrines', they were mobile.

The biblical tabernacle[edit | edit source]

Let us look at the Biblical Tabernacle, where the Ark of the Covenant was. The commentators assure us, that a tabernacle is something like a tent, where the box with the stone fragments of Moses' tablets stood. However, it is most likely that this is a much more recent perception of what a tabernacle was. Though the matter of the Tabernacle is not of major importance for us, however this topic shows how the real life events could have been fantastically interpreted in the chronicles.

The 'first' Arc of The Old Testament is a box where the fragments of the iron meteor were kept. These pieces of iron were used to produce Damask steel. But then a thought occurs that the TABERNACLE was simply a FORGE, A BLACKSMITHS' SHOP. Precious pieces of the meteoric iron would be kept exactly in the blacksmiths' shop, where they were needed by the black smiths and steelworkers. Here there was finished metal products (swords, cannons, muskets...), steel feeds, furnaces, anvils, hammers, clippers, water containers for thermo hardening, boxes with coal and charcoal for the forges, etc. Altogether a complex and secure Hordian manufacturing operation.

Curiously enough the Tabernacle is described in quite some detail in the Bible and in the Illuminated Compiled Chronicle. Let us see if it says anything about a blacksmiths. To begin with we open the Synodic translation of the Bible. We read and at the first glance we do not discover anything resembling a blacksmiths. There is a verbose, odd and obscure text in front of us. There many numbers in it. We open the earlier Illuminated Compiled Chronicle. Though the description of the tabernacle is also still hazy here, however there emerge some vivid details, which were either erased or distorted in the Synodic translation. They clarify the essence of the matter. It is likely to be a mediaeval alchemic fragment inserted into the Bible. The description is clearly intended for the initiated, 'for the benefit of the insiders'. It seems, before us we see the encrypted description of a blacksmiths and the process of Damask steel making. It is unlikely to be possible to fully restore the initial meaning of this instruction. But some striking similarities can still be detected [PRRK], ch.5.

Ayyub sultain[edit | edit source]

It is generally thought, that Ayyub Sultan, the companion and the standard-bearer of Prophet Muhammad, fell at the walls of Constantinople allegedly in 669 during the rule of caliph Muawiyah (after Prophet Muhammad died) and was buried then at the site of his death. After that, as we are told, Ayyub's final resting place was engulfed in the murk of oblivion for many hundreds of years and even the place itself was completely forgotten. However after 800 years it was in some mysterious way remembered. In 1453 sultan Mehmed the Conqueror entered the vanquished Constantinople and immediately ordered the enclosure of the site of Ayyub Sultan's death and the commencement of the construction of his magnificent tomb. Ever since it has become Istanbul's Islamic sacred place.

The historians were compelled to justify how it was that Mehmed II suddenly learned of the burial place of Ayyub Sultan, when allegedly nearly 800 years had passed since his death. They say that a certain wise man Aksemsettin (the Seyh-ül Islam) dreamt of the burial place, woke up, found it and told Mehmed II. On the third day of conquering the city the Sultan gave a command to embark upon the development of the sumptuous shrine of Ayyub Sultan.Our idea is simple. Ayyub Sultan was a contemporary and supporter of Mehmed the Conqueror. The tomb at the site of his death was erected IMMEDIATELY, and not after 800 years. Naturally it was possible only under the condition that Muhammad the Prophet and Mehmed II the Conqueror are the people of the same epoch. Or, as a matter of fact, the same person.

Presumably, it was that fatal night in 1453 beyond the city walls of Constantinople when the famous knight and the high priest, Caliph Ali = Biblical Aaron = Ayyub Sultan = the Russian epic hero Ilya Muromets = the Persian epic hero Rustam - instantaneously perished. Notably it is far from a complete list of names under which this legendary man went down in history [PRRK], ch.6.

Tacitus and Poggio Bracciolini[edit | edit source]

Many works talking about the events of the XII-XVII cc., when erroneously dated, were shifted back into the past and declared to be descriptions of 'ancient events'.

For example, Ross and Hochart, the historians of the XIX century, discovered some clear traces pointing to the late mediaeval origin of the famous 'Annals' by Cornelius Tacitus. But Hochart and Ross were mistaken in the interpretation of their own conclusion. Unaware of the inaccuracy of the chronology of Scaliger-Petavius and considering Tacitus to be an 'ancient' historian, they appraised the facts discovered by them as the proof of the Annals' forgery . In truth, these facts point out the XV-XVI cc. as the time of creation of Tacitus's 'Annals' the original text, which described the events of the XVI-XVII cc., but later tendentiously adapted by the editors of the XVI XVII cc.

It becomes clear that in the XV-XVI cc. a well-known writer Poggio Bracciolini wrote various historical works about his time and about two-three previous generations. Later his phantom reflection under the name of 'Cornelius Tacitus' was dated as 'classical antiquity' and a number of writings by Poggio-Tacitus 'moved' to the distant past (with a shift of approximately 1400 years) [2v1], ch.1. In other words, 'Tacitus' is a pen-name of Poggio Bracciolini. He has 'doubled' on the pages of history. The original remained in the XV-XVI cc. and its phantom reflection found itself allegedly in the Ist century under the name of 'Tacitus'.

In the epoch of the split of the 'Mongol' Empire the historical chronicles about the Great Revolt were important for Western Europeans. The story of Esther of the XVI century (see the next chapter), i.e. the history of the state coup in the metropoly of the Empire, was akin to the rebellious reformists, who aspired to break away from Russia-Horde. That is why the works of Tacitus describing 'Ancient Rome, in particular about Ivan The Terrible = Nero and about the story of Esther, were embraced with special interest. Tacitus-Bracciolini was fairly well informed of the conflicts in the Imperial Court of Russia-Horde. His books about the events leading to the Reformation were of crucial interest [RE].

In [2v2], ch.4:4 we showed that Machiavelli most likely lived in the XVII century and not in the XVI century. It was moved backwards in time by a chronological shift of 100 years. The strong interest towards the works of Tacitus and Machiavelli in the rebellious epoch of the late XV - XVII century becomes natural and clear.

Plutarch and Petrarch[edit | edit source]

The researchers of Petrarch's work point out an oddity which is incomprehensible to them. Petrarch wrote many letters to his contemporaries. And in his Latin correspondence Petrarch strived - allegedly on purpose - TO OBSCURE THE REALITY OF THE MIDDLE AGES BY SUBSTITUTING IT WITH 'CLASSICAL ANTIQUTY'. When addressing his contemporaries, he used the ancient nicknames and names Socrates, Laelius, Olympius, Simonides, etc. meaning that he wrote the way as if he 'lived in an ancient time'. We are told that he Latinised his letters on purpose, so they take assumed the form of antiquity. Even when talking of his own era, he 'disguised' it under the elegant drapery of the 'classically ancient'.

Possibly, from the pages of Petrarch's letters, even though 'carefully' edited in the XVI-XVII cc., arises the true epoch of the XIV-XV cc. This was in fact the real 'classical antiquity', forcefully banished by the historians into the remote past. So today it is necessary to seriously consider a theory purporting that Petrarch purposefully disguised the Middle Ages as 'the classical antiquity'.

Petrarch wrote "On Famous Men", a series of biographies. He, as it were, 'repeated' the work of the 'ancient' Plutarch's 'Parallel Lives'. It is likely that PLUTARCH is simply another nickname of PETRARCH. As a result of the activities of recent chronologists Petrarch 'divaricated' on the pages of the chronicles. One of his reflections under the name of 'Plutarch' was moved into the deepest past. Approximately 1400 years back, as in the cases with Poggio Bracciolini and Alberti, see below.

Almost all the characters of PETRARCH are public figures of 'classical' republican Rome: Lucius Junius Brutus, Publius Horatius Cocles, Camillus, Titus Manlius Torquatus, Fabricius, Quintus Fabius Maximus, Marcus Porcius Cato Major, Scipio Aemilianus Africanus, etc. Most likely, Petrarch - aka Plutarch simply wrote the biographies of the personalities of his epoch. Only later the editors of the XVI-XVII cc. reviewed these life descriptions and shifted them into the deep past.

Or there is Alberti (1414-1472), a major architect, the author of the fundamental architectural theory. He is reflected as a phantom 'in the remote past' (with a shift of approximately 1400 years) under the name of the 'classical' architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio. He wrote a major work which apart from his theory of architecture also included information on mathematics, optics and mechanics.

Similarly, the mediaeval distinguished philosopher and author Georgius Gemistus of the XV century was 'split in two' under the quills of the Scaligerian chronologists and one of his phantom reflections, which 'moved into the past', is known to us today under the name of the famous 'classical philosopher Plato' [1v], [2v2], ch.1.

Apocalypse is "the book of the Ottoman conquest"[edit | edit source]

The famous Biblical book Apocalypse was written in 1486 and devoted to the events anticipated in 1492, i.e. in the year 7000 from Adam, when 'Judgment day' was expected. It was exactly in 1492 in the face of this gloomy anticipation that Christopher Columbus (=biblical Noah) set out to sea. Our astronomical dating of the Apocalypse as the year 1486 (see [1v], ch.3), - i.e. the year 6994 from Adam ideally corresponds with its content. It turns out that the first version of Apocalypse was created only six years before the anticipated end of the world.

Apocalypse should take the place not as the last book of the Bible, but should be one of the first books of the Old Testament. I.e. Apocalypse is contemporary to the five books of Moses and not the Gospels. It was incorrectly placed in the Bible next to the Gospels, as it was written much later than they were, providing a narrative of the XII century.

Some of the prophecies of the Old Testament (Ezekiel, Zachariah, Daniel, etc.) contain astronomical fragments. Their analysis shows that the prophecies are the works of the late Middle Ages. It corresponds with the results of applying empiric statistical methods to the Bible, shifting the time of the writing of the Bible to the XII-XVII cc. The proximity of the prophecies of the Old Testament to the Apocalypse means, that they all were created in the XV-XVI cc. In the [6v1] Appendix (Annex) 3, indicated are the excerpts of the Book of Daniel describing 'the story of Esther' in XVI century Russia.

The essence of Apocalypse is usually expressed as follows: The second coming of Jesus, He passes judgement of the people in The Last Judgement, separates the righteous people from the sinners, lets the righteous people into paradise, to the New Jerusalem, and casts the sinners down to hell. These motives lay in the foundation of various depictions of the Apocalypse in the churches, church books and on icons.

Jesus lived in the XII century. Approximately 300 years later, in the XV-XVI cc. the Ataman conquest takes place, led by Moses and continued by JOSHUA BEN NUN, i.e. NEW JESUS. It is this epoch which is described in the Apocalypse as the SECOND COMING OF JESUS. Since the Cossacks-Israelites were the crusaders and marched under the banner of Jesus Christ, the chroniclers called their leader the 'New Jesus'.

The Ataman (Ottoman) invasion was a major blow not just for Europe, but also for the rest of the world at that time. The invasion spanned many countries. As it was mentioned before one of the reasons for it was the 'cleansing' of the infected regions, eradication of the illnesses, which had spread across the significant part of Western Europe and Mediterranean.

To remind you, the Western-European Christian Cult, aka the 'ancient' pagan Bacchanalias of the XV-XVI cc. resulted in the spread of infectious diseases. Not just the venereal ones. The Khans of the Empire found themselves confronting a serious state problem. But at that primitive level of the development of medicine the causes of the disease and its proliferation were not clear. The medics could not offer any effective methods of mass treatment. And then the khans of the Empire made the only, as they thought, correct decision to wipe out the diseased population of the infected regions using military force. To burn down the houses of the sick. The soldiers were given orders not to come into contact with the infected people. To avoid the local food and water. Swords and all weapons in general had to be disinfected, cleansed with fire and boiled in water. Clothes to be periodically incinerated... All of this is unequivocally described in detail in the Books of Exodus and Joshua [6v1], ch.4-5.

After some qualms, the unpopular decision was made in the end and implemented with an iron fist. Naturally, the population of Western Europe (i.e. mainly the descendants of the Hordians-'Mongols', who arrived to the sparsely inhabited lands a century to a century and a half earlier, during the conquest of the XIV century) , opposed such dictates of their Khan-Emperor. Those who were able that is. No one wanted to die. Even the infirm rose up in arms to rebut the Atamans (Ottomans). Both sides knew how to fight. The war broke out. However the rebellion was crushed with a heavy hand. These were the events, which seismically shook Europe and are reflected in the Apocalypse as 'The Last Judgement'.

The Apocalypse is permeated with grim pictures of the Last Judgement. The Judgment is inevitable for everyone. The military aspect of the events taking place is emphasized relentlessly. Jesus is continually depicted with a BATTLE SWORD.' A message to thee from Him whose sword is sharpened at both its edges' (The Apocalypse 2:12). His eyes were like BLAZING FIRE ... Coming out of His mouth was a SHARP, DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD (The Apocalypse 1:14, 1:16). And so on: (The Apocalypse 2:16), (The Apocalypse 19:15)...

Here was a vividly defined picture of the unstoppable military invasion, death, fires and stampedes. The surviving tradition of the illustrations demonstrates that they were referring to the real war. The mediaeval authors equated the Biblical Gog and Magog with the Tatars-Mongols [5v1], ch.8:4. The old illustrations to the Apocalypse are filled with warriors depicted in a way usually associated with the manner in which the soldiers of the Horde were presented [2v1], ch.2.

As we have said already, the Atamans (Ottomans) (Israelites) were ordered to annihilate the sick population of the infected regions. The segregation of the sick from the healthy reflected in the Apocalypse as the division of the populace into the pure and impure, the righteous and sinners. The righteous were assured a good life in Paradise, and the sinners were cast down into Hell.

A torrent of damnation was brought down by the Apocalypse upon the 'Babylonian lechery'. It was cursed at length and with intensity as ABOMINATIONS AND EVIL SPIRITS (The Apocalypse 18:2). Here is described, quite explicitly, the cause and aim of the Ataman's (Ottoman's) quarantine policy the eradication of the negative consequences of the sexual immorality which had spread in the Western 'ancient' church of the XV-XVI cc. The infamous inquisition was created for the purpose of 'cleansing' [5v1], ch.12:9-10.

The fall of Babylon described in the Apocalypse was possibly equated with the conquest of Czar-Grad by the Atamans in 1453. It took place 33 years prior to the year 1486 recorded in the astronomical horoscope of the Apocalypse. But it is quite possible that by Babylon was meant not only Czar-Grad, but collectively many Western countries immersed in vice and sin, according to the author of the Bible.

The fact, that the biblical story of the patriarch Noah is also another reflection of the events of the year 1492, corresponds with the direct connection between Noah's voyage and the DOOM OF THE MANKIND, the catastrophe in which allegedly almost all the people perish. 'Judgement Day in 1492 is presented here as 'the Flood', where the Book of Genesis describes the Flood as the Last Judgement, the God-sent punishment for the 'corruption of the people'. In essence it says the same as the Apocalypse.

The Old Testament story about the patriarch Noah, the Flood and the Babylonian pandemonium, is most likely another version of one of the central storylines of the Apocalypse. But outlined more succinctly.To conclude, there appears to be a remarkably close proximity in time between the three major events: 1) the beginning of Columbus' = Noah's of the Old Testament's journey in 1492, 2) the anticipation of the 'end of the world' in 1492, 3) the epoch of the biblical Apocalypse, not earlier than 1486.

Later on, when creating or specifying the theory of the chronology of different eras, the chronologists of the XVII-XVIII cc. combined the end of the already elapsed XV century with the BACKWARDS CALCULATED rounded calendar date of seven thousand years. And then they built a theoretical justification, purporting that the 'roundness of this date itself' was catastrophically dangerous and that is why in 1492 everyone was allegedly expecting the end of the world. But all of this was written later, when it had already been forgotten, that at the end of the XV century 'the end of the world' was not expected as a FORESEEN EVENT, BUT ACTUALLY DID TAKE PLACE in the form of the Ottoman Conquest and the merciless 'surgical treatment' of various European countries. This is the exact reason why the images of the Last Judgment (Joshua Ben Nun = The New) embedded in the Apocalypse shocked people to the very core. This was not a 'prediction', but an account of recent events.

Thus circa 1492 'the end of the world' took its actual place in Western Europe and was impressively described in the Apocalypse. But later these events were withdrawn from the history of the XV-XVI cc. and transplanted into the future. The Apocalypse was freshly re-written (having destroyed the original text) and declared as a PROPHECY, which purportedly predicts the end of the world in a certain future. Why was this done?

The Apocalypse, as we have it today, was designed as an important ideological and educational Book in order to remind the people and their descendants of the Ottoman conquest, which was described as the "Last Judgement".is also reflected in history as the conquest of St. James [6v1], ch.5:4. The famous map of St. James' 'religious conquests', i.e. most likely the map of the military routes of the Atamans (Ottomans) of the XV-XVI cc., was canonised and declared by the church as the sacred scheme of routes down which the future generations should go on pilgrimage every year in order to reach the Spanish cathedral Santiago de Compostela and bow down to the holy relics of St. James. The Church tried its best to reinforce the memory of events of the Ataman invasion in people's minds.

A similar thing was done with the Apocalypse, i.e. 'The Book of the Ottoman conquest'. It was declared holy and, having included it into the biblical canon, turned it into an object of devotion for the ensuing generations. When the book was declared a prophecy of the Last Judgement, the people believed it, as something like this had recently been experienced. When the Khans-Czars of the Great Empire educated the population of the colonized territories, demanding them to abide by the law and threatening the disobedient with the Judgement of Jesus, they were believed unreservedly. As they remembered that 'one such Judgement of Jesus' did already take place. And therefore if necessary it can be repeated once more.

Everywhere in the churches and temples of the Empire they began to paint frescos the impressive images of the Judgement of Jesus. Stating at the same time that all of this will only take place in the future. The rulers of the Empire wisely employed this method of mass education in the spirit of obeisance to the Imperial dictates.

In the West and in Russia the Judgement of Jesus was represented in fundamentally different ways. In Russia the Final Judgement was pictured in soft tones, without the elements of intimidation. The stress was upon the depiction of the righteous, giving praise to the Lord's Throne. Hell was presented in a tawdry, not very frightening way.

But in Western Europe the Last Judgement was portrayed using darker methods, inducing a more penetrating effect on the psyche, depicting terrifying executions, the tortures of the damned, hellfire, torture instruments and gruesome physiological details. Recall the paintings of Hieronymus Bosch, Pieter Brueghel and many others.

It is all clear. In Russia-Horde, in the metropoly of the Empire, as in Atamania (Ottoman Empire), there were no quarantine actions on the liquidation of the XV-XVI cc. epidemics. That is why the attitude towards the Final Judgement here was more impassive. The population of the metropoly didn't experience the cataclysms connected with the 'mandatory treatment of Europe'. There were of course plenty of other rueful feelings here, as everywhere, but the 'surgical operations' passed Russia and The Ottoman Empire by.

But Western Europe found itself in the epicentre of the atamans' invasion. Here the quarantine operations were carried out on a full scale. It is sufficient to read over the Books of the Old Testament Exodus and Joshua, to imagine the red-hot situation in Europe of the XV-XVI cc. That is why the Western Europeans, saved from the epidemics (by severe means, but saved nevertheless) perceived the Final Judgement as directly experienced reality, hence the harrowing nature of the paintings and frescos of the Western artists.

In the West the reading of the Apocalypse to the congregation was imposed as a duty on the priesthood, so that the Europeans didn't forget Jesus' Judgement which took place in the XV-XVI cc. It was here where the Great Empire had to forcibly conduct the quarantine operations. That is why in Europe it was necessary to keep alive the memories of the Last Judgement, so that the seductive orgies, which gave rise to past epidemics, didn't flourish again. In other words the authorities sternly warned the people against the 'drugs'. But in the East, in the metropoly of the Empire, the situation was different. Here Christianity, starting with the XII century, constantly remained in a rather ascetic framework. There were never any orgies there, at least not on the mass scale. Likewise in Islam. That is why in the Eastern churches it was not necessary to read the Apocalypse as an admonition to the Congregation. So it was not read.

The shock experienced by Western Europe in the XV-XVI cc. bred within some social groups a deeply entrenched enmity towards the 'surgeons', i.e. towards the Atamania (Ottoman Empire) and Russia-Horde, a hatred which had not been felt before. That the 'surgeon' had cured the 'bacchanalian drug addiction' was a fact condemned to oblivion. It was the grievance for the sufferings inflicted during the compulsory treatment that took precedence. The memory of the 'pain' experienced before was used by the Western reformists determined to exert their control. It acted like an enzyme which fermented and created the conditions to justify their ambitions and aspirations to split the Empire. It was the cunningly promoted 'Hatred of the doctor' which slyly facilitated the organization of the conspiracy in the metropoly of Russia-Horde and allowed the break-up of the Empire.

In the XVII century the Reformative Western Europe at last gained independence [6v2]. The break of the 'Mongolian' Empire enabled the Western Europeans to invade Russia and physically destroy the Hordian dynasty, placing the pro-Western Romanovs into power. The bloody pogrom ran through Russia. The metropoly was occupied by the foreigners over a long period of time. SERFDOM, i.e. SLAVERY for the majority of the population of the country is introduced. The Romanovs' occupying regime held out for a long time. The Hordian-'Mongolian' traditions are destroyed on the invaded territories, the whole way of life changes radically, including the church practices. It is not surprising that in the epoch of the Great Revolt in Russia the people could have seen in the Apocalypse some indication of the beginning of the last Judgement. But this time in Russia, in the East. So what do we see in the XVII century?

We quote: 'A resurgence of interest in the Apocalypse in Russian society occurs in the middle of the 'rebellious' XVII century... The supporters of the old orders saw in the drastic reformer (Nikon Author) if not the Antichrist himself, then at least his precursor... The end of the world was anticipated in 1658... then in 1666, and finally, similar to the situation in 1492, taking into account the earthly life of Christ, - in 1699. At the end of the expected date, as if in support of the premonitions, Peter the Great's state reforms began... Since the middle of the XVII century and in the duration of one a half centuries the APOCALYPSE BECOMES ALMOST THE MAIN BOOK OF THE OLD RUSSIAN FAITH... in particular the apocalyptic quality of the outlook was characteristic to the extreme Old Believers Bezpopovtsy (Sects of Russian religious dissenters that renounced priests and all sacraments, except Baptism Translator's note), such as 'stranniks'(religious pilgrims Translator's note) (runners), who denied the possibility of salvation in secular life, from which one should run away, as the kingdom of Antichrist was perceived by them NOT AS FORTHCOMING, BUT AS ALREADY ARRIVED' [623], p.29-30.

When did the geographical names "solidify"[edit | edit source]

Many geographical names in course of time fundamentally changed their meaning. That is why we should not refer to, for example, just the 'city of Rome'. You should say 'the city of Rome in such and such century'. In which case the geographical location of Rome will fundamentally shift.

The names of the countries, cities, etc. 'lived in time' and moved around the map. At first they were not securely fixed due to the lack of reliable links between the nations. The languages and the writing systems were only just starting to take shape. Only at a considerably later stage with the circulation of books and single uniform printed geographical maps, the geographical names, finally, became permanent on the map.

Indeed, how could information about the geography of the world be fixed and distributed? To do so it is necessary to own some kind of multiplying equipment, allowing reproduction of at least several dozens of copies of a map or a manuscript in order to make it a universal asset. Without it the information becomes mercurial and fast-changing. The old localizations fade from memory, new ones are introduced, and the process becomes difficult to control. The relocation of the names and the frequent change of their meaning stopped only with the appearance of the printed book. In the pre -press epoch the relocation of the cities' names, the names of the nations, the change in the meaning of these names, was a frequent occurrence. See the previous chapter.

Herodotus - the chronicler of the Horde[edit | edit source]

Fig. 61, fig. 62, fig. 63 joined

Moving along the fundamental 'History' of Herodotus, we have discovered the significant identifications, shown in fig.61, fig.62, fig.63. Incidentally, the name 'The Histories of Herodotus' probably meant 'The History of Horde (Horda)' [ZA], ch.1.

  1. The very first book of the 'History' is Clio. It turned out that in it, primarily, is told the story of Andronicus-Christ from the XII century and the Crusades of the XIII century, i.e. the Trojan war.
  2. The second book Euterpe tells us, as it turns out, about Russia-Horde of the XIV-XVI cc., i.e. about the biblical Egypt. In particular, under the name of 'construction of the Egyptian Labyrinth' it speaks of the building of the overground and underground Moscow of the XVI century during the time of Ivan IV the Terrible, who turned Moscow into the capital of the 'Mongolian' Empire [6v].
  3. In the third book Thalia we discovered another narrative of Andronicus-Christ, named here as king Polycrates [GR]. However this subject occupies only a small part in the book. Its main content is the story of Cambyses, king of Persia and Egypt, i.e. of khan Ivan IV the Terrible.
  4. The book of Melpomene mainly speaks of the Novgorodian Serf War and once again of Andronicus-Christ [TsRIM] and [GR].
  5. The book of Terpsichore begins a narration about the Epoch of the Reformation of the XVI-XVII cc.
  6. The book Erato continues this narration, but here is inserted the description of the 'ancient' Battle of Marathon, i.e. the Battle of Kulikovo of 1380 [ZA], ch.1.
  7. The last books of the 'History' of Herodotus, namely Polymnia, Urania and Calliope, tell us, as it turns out, about Ivan IV the Terrible and the rebellion of the Reformation in the late XVI- early XVII cc.We found out that despite some confusion, Herodotus on the whole moves in the right direction from the XII to XVII cc. His last books Thalia, Terpsichore, Erato, Polymnia, Urania and Calliope comprise the greater part of the 'History'. Therefore the epoch of the Reformation is given the most attention. And it is understandable why. As we said earlier, it felt acceptable to the Western Europeans, who got free from the direct vassalage to Russia-Horde = Israel and paying taxes to the metropoly. From the early XVII century there was much more money left in West than before. It was used more liberally and in some places they began to create their own statehood and an army.

The clock and astronomy[edit | edit source]

It is perceived that the first mention of the mechanical clock is dated to the late VI century [797]. Then it allegedly disappears and reappears only in the epoch of Renaissance. The science historians inform us: 'In the XIII century... the Italian master craftsmen constructed the first mechanical clock [954], p.3. According to the new chronology, the clock (water-clock and their ilk), appeared not earlier than the XI century, and the mechanical clock was invented not earlier than the XIII century [3v1].

Only 'since the XV century a clock appeared, where the part of a string with a balance weight was fulfilled by a spring. The clock instantly weighed far less. In the early XVI century they learned how to make a portable spring clock which weighed just 3 or 4 kilograms' [954], p.39.

More or less precise cataloguing of the stars longitudinally should have naturally begun following the invention of the clock with a MINUTE HAND. Why is a minute hand necessary? The fact is that during the diurnal rotation the celestial dome with the stars travels one degree in 4 minutes. Thus in one hourly minute a star travels 15 arc minutes. The ancient celestial catalogues contain the stars positions within the accuracy of several arc minutes. In order to achieve accuracy of the catalogue within 15 arc minutes, it is necessary to know how to record the interval of time lag of one hourly minute. To get the precision of the catalogue within 10 minutes as in Almagest, for example, - the observer should confidently measure the time interval of 40 seconds on the clock.

But even an hour hand without a minute hand was introduced in the water-clock only in the XIII century or possibly later [544], v.4, p.267. Only in the XIV century the tower clock, also only with an hour hand, appeared in various European cities in Milan since 1306, in Padua since 1344. And only in the XV century there appeared a clock with a spring and weight. At first such a clock was used for the purposes of the astronomical observations by Walter, and later by Tykho Brahe and others [544], v.4, p.267-268.

In the middle of XVI century the second Minute hand was added to the Hour hand, and two hundred years later the third Second Hand [954, p.39]. The emergence of the Minute hand usually dates to circa 1550 [3v1].That is why all more or less reliable astronomical observations, including the cataloguing of the stars, could have begun not earlier than the XI-XIII cc. This corresponds with our dating of Ptolemy's star catalogue Almagest as not earlier than the XI century. At that the epoch of the finalizing of Almagest as the astronomical encyclopaedia, was the XVI century. And not at all the II century, as perceived by the Scaligerian history [3v1].

Astronomical dating of the new chronology[edit | edit source]

1. (Year 1404) SMALL ESNA ZODIAC EM (ZODIAC EM FROM THE SMALL TEMPLE OF ESNA). Depicted on the stone slab relief on the ceiling of the temple, bas-relief. 'Ancient' Egypt, Esna, allegedly 'antiquity'. In fact: 6-8 May 1404 [NKhE].

2. (Year 1405) the 'RADIAL' ZODIAC RP2 IN THE CHAMBER OF COURT IN PADUA. Murals of the upper hall. Italy, Padua, allegedly 1315-1317. Astronomical dating: 14-16 October 1405. In fact this zodiac was created in the XVIII century. See [GRK], ch.4.

3. (Year 1421) PHAETHON ZODIAC FN on the stone bas-relief in the Villa Borghese. Italy, allegedly 'antiquity'. In fact: one of the versions 19 May 1421 precisely matches the date indicated in the Russian chronicles [PRRK], Ch.5.

4. (Year 1486) ZODIAC OF THE APOCALYPSE , contained in the famous biblical Book of the Revelation of St. John allegedly written in the Ist century. In fact: 1 October 1486 [1v].

5. (Year 1495) ZODIAC BL ON THE BAYEUX TAPESTRY. Positioned (among various other depictions) on the embroidered linen cloth approximately 70 metres long and approximately 50 centimetres wide. Europe, England, allegedly the XI century. In fact 16 March 1495 [KR], ch.1. Therefore the famous tapestry was made no earlier than in the XV century. Besides it was not the conquest of England depicted on it, but the Trojan War and Christ's deposition. As far as we know, before us nobody tried to astronomically date the Bayeux Tapestry, let alone speak of a zodiac with a horoscope present on it. There is nothing surprising in this. Usually the historians prefer 'not to notice' any zodiacs on the ancient artefacts. Or, when it is completely obvious, they begin to pontificate about their allegedly purely religious meaning. They, most likely, do their best to escape the need to astronomically date such images and, mainly, to lead the readers away from such a 'dangerous' thought.